International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health | December 2022 | Vol 9 | Issue 12 Page 4765
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Ray S et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2022 Dec;9(12):4765-4773
http://www.ijcmph.com
pISSN 2394-6032 | eISSN 2394-6040
Protocol
Are citizens of Delhi willing to stop using private vehicles for their daily
office commute in order to reduce air pollution and related ailments?
A protocol for a contingent valuation study
Shomik Ray*, Ranjana Singh, Sukanya Pathak
INTRODUCTION
The present era of rapid urbanization and modernization
comes with the challenge of maintaining air quality for
which multi-faceted approaches aimed at various
stakeholder groups including public health interventions
and effective governance are required. Based on the live
air quality and pollution city ranking by IQAir, Delhi
remains the most polluted city in the world (as of March
2022).
1
Air pollution poses a greater environmental
concern not only in terms of climate change but also the
increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with
it and its impact on public as well as individual health.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that
many adverse health outcomes are a result of exposure to
air pollution such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory
infections and lung cancer. The fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) particles have been referred to as the most
harmful pollutants as they can be easily inhaled into the
airways due to their microscopic size, resulting in
premature mortality.
1,2
The increased vehicular traffic congestion in the
metropolitan cities and the inefficient modes of transport
ABSTRACT
Background: Increased vehicular traffic is associated with higher levels of air and noise pollution which in turn
causes high morbidity and mortality. Governments, including Delhi have invested high amounts in setting up and
running public transport systems in order to rationalize road usage and limit vehicles on road. This study proposes to
assess the willingness of the citizens to give up their private vehicles in favor of public transport and will provide
specific policy recommendations.
Methods: This study will be conducted in Delhi/NCR along the Delhi metro route. A systematic review and cross-
sectional community survey will be carried out to meet the study objectives. Data will be captured through computer
aided personal interviews (CAPI) using contingent valuation methods (CVM). This study will provide information on
the perceptions and attitudes of commuters towards the current public transport system and the economic value placed
by them on private transportation and provide an estimate of the welfare gain associated with it. Specific objective
wise outputs have been framed. This will be the first study using contingent valuation methods (CVM) in a similar
setting in India.
Conclusions: The result will provide an evaluation of the public transport system of Delhi NCR from a user
perspective. The willingness to pay values will provide a monetary value to the health benefits arising from shift from
private to public modes of transport along with workable models of interventions for policy makers.
Keywords: Air and noise pollution, Contingent valuation, COVID-19, Outdoor pollution, Willingness to pay
Indian Institute of Public Health- Delhi (PHFI), Gurugram, Haryana, India
Received: 13 September 2022
Revised: 07 November 2022
Accepted: 08 November 2022
*Correspondence:
Shomik Ray,
E-mail: shomikray88@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223243