Japanese Journal of Applied Psychology 2016, Vol. 42 (Special edition), 25–35 Neighborhood Interaction Factors versus Social Compositions in Predicting Youth Socialization Development 1) : An International Research Hiroyuki YOSHIZAWA * 1 , Toshikazu YOSHIDA * 2 , Hyun-jung PARK * 3 , Makoto NAKAJIMA * 4 , Miki OZEKI * 5 , and Chika HARADA * 6 is study compared the effects of neighborhood proximal interaction factors (i.e., collective efficacy and com- munity violence) with those from social compositions (e.g., neighborhood deprivation) on indices of youth social- ization development (i.e., social information processing and self-regulatory ability). e generality of those effects was assessed in three Asian countries and the United States. A total of 1279 undergraduates were instructed to re- call their childhood experiences by answering several self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that neighborhood interaction factors had significant effects on socialization indices when social compo- sitions were controlled, and the generality of these effects was partially confirmed in all of the countries studied ex- cept Japan. key words: collective efficacy, community violence, social information processing, self-regulation Neighborhood factors and antisocial behaviors One’ s neighborhood can affect child and adoles- cent social development through a variety of mecha- nisms. In particular, the effects of factors such as neighborhood deprivation on antisocial behaviors (e.g., aggressiveness and delinquency) have been ex- tensively examined in recent psychological and soci- ological research (e.g., Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000; Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997). In a comprehensive review of research regarding neigh- borhood effects on child and adolescent outcomes, Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn (2000) made an impor- tant distinction between neighborhood structure (e.g., income and household composition) and the neighborhood social process (e.g., social cohesion and informal social control) in defining and identi- fying neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood structure dimension is composed of census data, and can be distinguished from the organizational as- pects of neighborhoods (i.e. neighborhood social process). ese social, organizational dimensions of neighborhoods must be considered for studies Article 1) is work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (21530653). Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Hiroyuki Yoshizawa Graduate School of Education, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu 501–1193, Japan. E-mail: yosizawa@gifu-u.ac.jp * 1 Graduate School of Education, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501–1193, Japan e-mail: yosizawa@gifu-u.ac.jp * 2 Faculty of Education, Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University, 1–1 Takakuwanishi, Yanaizu-cho, Gifu city, Gifu 501–6194, Japan e-mail: yoshitoshi@ha.shotoku.ac.jp * 3 Department of Early Childhood Education, Aichi Bunkyo Women’ s College, 2–9–17 Inaba, Inazawa city, Aichi 492–8219, Japan e-mail: jungi9494@ybb.ne.jp * 4 Faculty of Contemporary Social Studies, Nagoya Gakuin University, 1–25 Atsuta-Nishimachi, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi 456–8612, Japan e-mail: makoto.n@ngu.ac.jp * 5 Department of Social Welfare and Psychology, Tokyo International University, 2509 Matoba, Kawagoe city, Saitama 350– 1198, Japan e-mail: mozeki@tiu.ac.jp * 6 Faculty of Human Studies, Meijo University, 1–501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi 468–8502, Japan e-mail: haradac@meijo-u.ac.jp