International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 International Conference on Industrial Automation and Computing (ICIAC- 12-13 th April 2014) Jhulelal Institute of Technology, Nagpur 42 | Page A Review on Mass Spectrometry: Its tools and data analysis for proteomics Ms. Ashwini Yerlekar * , Dr. M. M Kshirsagar ** , Ms. Priyanka Dudhe *** *(Department of Computer Technology, YCCE, Nagpur, Maharashtra ** (Department of Computer Technology, YCCE ,Nagpur, Maharashtra *** (Department of Computer Technology, YCCE ,Nagpur, Maharashtra ABSTRACT- With advent of „The Human Genome Project‟ large-scale proteomics has rapidly come to dominate the post genomic age. The Protein Prediction is hard because of its complex structure. Data Analysis is the main issue while predicting the protein. The main problem in proteomics is to estimate the several proteins available in cell structure or tissue sample. Therefore, large scale proteomics technologies are required to measure physical connection of proteins in living organisms. Mass Spectrometry uses the technique to measure mass-to-charge ratio of ion. It‟s an evolving technique for characterization of proteins. A Mass Spectrometer can be more sensitive and specific, also complement with other LC detectors. Liquid Chromatography, unlike gas chromatography is a separation technique which helps to separate wide range of organic compounds from small molecular metabolites to peptides and proteins. This paper addresses the study of data analysis using mass Spectrometry. It also includes the study of various methods of Mass Spectrometry data analysis, the tools and various applications of Mass Spectrometry. Keywords – Data Analysis, Mass Spectrometry, MS-tools, LC(liquid Chromatograohy) I. INTRODUCTION Protein structure prediction is a crucial area of life sciences. Every protein has its sequence, a primary structure; the helices and sheets; a secondary structure, the fold of the protein a tertiary structure, and multimeric formation of its polypeptide subunits, the quaternary structure, Protein structure has been validated for the past several years by chemical and physical methods. The dawn of protein sequencing began in 1950s, upon complete sequencing of insulin and then, ribonuclease. Mass Spectrometer is a quantitative tool used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The two primary methods for ionization of whole proteins are electrospray ionization (ESI-which turns the sample proteins into ions) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI- It uses laser to ionize the sample proteins and then push the proteins into the analyzer to produce a Mass Spectrum.). A typical Mass Spectrometer consists of three parts: a mass analyzer, a detector and an ion source. The ion source produces ions from the sample. The Mass Analyzer separates ions with different mass-to-charge ratios, these different ions are detected by detector. Finally, the mass spectrum is generated after all the data have been collected. FIG 1: SCHEME GRAPH OF Mass Spectrometer II. HISTORY OF MASS SPECTROMETRY THE HISTORY OF MASS SPECTROMETRY HAS ITS GROWTH LIES IN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL RESEARCH REGARDING THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER. THE RESEARCH CARRIED OUT ON GAS DISCHARGES IN THE MID 19TH CENTURY LED TO THE FINDINGS OF ANODE AND CATHODE RAYS, WHICH RESULTS INTO POSITIVE IONS AND NEGATIVE IONS. IN THE EARLY ERA, MANY PROFESSIONAL SCIENTISTS WERE CONCENTRATED AROUND WITH ELECTRICITY FLOWING THROUGH VACUUM TUBES. THEY WERE FLOODING THE ELECTRONS FROM CATHODE (-VE) TO RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS