Adolescents’ base rate judgments, metastrategic understanding, and stereotype endorsement Wejdan S. Felmban a , Paul A. Klaczynski a,b,⇑ a Department of Psychology, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia b School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA article info Article history: Received 27 July 2017 Revised 14 June 2018 Keywords: Dual-process theories Developmental reversals Statistical reasoning Stereotypes Metacognition Fuzzy-trace theory abstract Developmental reversals are counterintuitive age trends wherein age is negatively related to optimal responding. We addressed the claims that reversals in judgments and decisions are unlikely between late childhood and adolescence. Children and adolescents indicated the extent to which they endorsed stereotypes salient to adolescents, responded to problems in which base rate evidence conflicted with evidence based on anecdotal evidence (i.e., anecdo- tal problems) or stereotype-relevant evidence (i.e., stereotypical problems), and indicated the basis for their responses. Normative responses increased with age on anecdotal problems and decreased with age on stereotypical problems, indicating a devel- opmental reversal on the latter problem type. Metaprocedural competence mediated the age-related increases on anecdotal prob- lems and moderated the age-related declines on stereotypical problems; furthermore, on stereotypical problems, endorsement of relevant stereotypes mediated the age-related declines in per- formance. Findings are discussed from a dual-process perspective that emphasizes gist-based problem representations, a ‘‘metacog- nitive gap,” and age-related dissociations between stereotypical problems and metaprocedural competence. Ó 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.09.014 0022-0965/Ó 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ⇑ Corresponding author at: School of Psychological Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA. E-mail address: paul.klaczynski@unco.edu (P.A. Klaczynski). Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 178 (2019) 60–85 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Child Psychology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jecp