Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441 Vol 9, Suppl. 2, 2016 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES FROM VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF KELAKAI (STENOCHLAENA PALUSTRIS) GROWN IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN - INDONESIA SITI KUSMARDIYANI, GRACE NOVITA, IRDA FIDRIANNY* Pharmaceutical Biology Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. Email: irdafidrianny@gmail.com Received: 23 June 2016, Revised and Accepted: 11 July 2016 ABSTRACT Objectives: The aims of this research were to determine antioxidant activity from various extracts of different parts of kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris [Burm.f.] Bedd) using two antioxidant testing methods, which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and correlation of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) with their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC 50 ) of DPPH and exhibitory concentration 50% (EC 50 ) of FRAP. Methods: Sample was extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using vacuum rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays, determination of TPC, TFC, and TCC was carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and correlation with their IC 50 of DPPH and EC 50 of FRAP capacities was analyzed by Pearson’s method. Results: Ethanolic root extract of kelakai (S. palustris) had the lowest IC 50 of DPPH scavenging activity 0.8 µg/ml and the lowest EC 50 of FRAP capacity 5.4 µg/ml. Ethanolic kelakai root extract demonstrated the highest phenolic content, ethyl acetate young leaves extract had the highest flavonoid content, and the highest carotenoid content was given by n-hexane root extract. There was significantly negative correlation between TPC in root extract of kelakai with their IC 50 of DPPH and EC 50 of FRAP. Conclusions: All different extracts of kelakai parts were categorized as very strong antioxidants by DPPH method. Phenolic compounds in kelakai root extract were the major contributor in antioxidant activities by DPPH and FRAP methods. DPPH and FRAP showed linear results in antioxidant activities of root kelakai extract. Keywords: Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, Stenochlaena palustris, Young leaves, Old leaves, Root. INTRODUCTION Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are commonly found in many plants, which have many effects such as antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity [1-4]. Phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid compounds might be having antioxidant activity [5]. Antioxidant has many benefits to prevent the excessive of free radical in oxidative stress which can cause many degenerative diseases. Consumption of fruits and vegetables can prevent negative effect of oxidative stress because they contain phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid compounds, which have antioxidant capacity [6]. Previous researches represented that total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) could be correlated to their antioxidant activities [7-9]. Plants included sweet potatoes, guava, lemon grass, tea, and legumes contained phenolic and flavonoid compounds [1-3,10,11]. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods could be used to observe antioxidant activity in many plants extracts [4,10,11]. The previous researches [3,8,11,12] revealed that DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP can be performed to determine antioxidant activity of fruits, vegetables, and food. Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris), empirically used in Central Kalimantan for antiaging, contained many derivates of kaempferol glycosides which can act as antioxidant [13]. The objectives of this research were to evaluate antioxidant activities in various polarity extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) from different parts of kelakai grown in Central Kalimantan – Indonesia, using DPPH and FRAP assays and correlations of TPC, TFC, and total carotenoid content (TCC) with their antioxidant activities. METHODS Materials DPPH, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine (TPTZ), gallic acid, quercetin, and beta carotene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, USA), different parts of kelakai (S. palustris). All of other reagents were analytical grades. Preparation of sample Different parts of kelakai (S. palustris), which were young leaves named as YL, old leaves as OL, and roots as RO, were collected from Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan - Indonesia, were thoroughly washed with tap water, sorted while wet, cut, dried, and grinded into powder. Extraction About 300 g of powdered samples were extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. Extraction using n-hexane was repeated three times. The remaining residue was then extracted three times using ethyl acetate. Finally, the remaining residue was extracted three times using ethanol. Hence, totally there were nine extracts: Three n-hexane extracts (namely, YL1, OL1, and RO1), three ethyl acetate extracts (YL2, OL2, and RO2), and three ethanolic extracts (YL3, OL3, and RO3). Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay was performed using modified Blois’s method [14]. Various concentrations of each extract were pipetted into DPPH solution 50 µg/ml (volume 1:1) to initiate the reaction for obtaining a calibration curve. The absorbance was observed after 30 minutes incubation at wavelength 515 nm by ultraviolet- visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer Hewlett Packard 8435. Methanol was used as a blank, DPPH solution 50 µg/ml as control and ascorbic Research Article © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13630