Environmental Technology & Innovation 20 (2020) 101162
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Environmental Technology & Innovation
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eti
Modeling and simulation of non-isothermal packed-bed
membrane reactor for decomposition of hydrogen iodide
Purujit Tandon, Manish Jain
*
Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
article info
Article history:
Received 24 May 2020
Received in revised form 23 August 2020
Accepted 11 September 2020
Available online 19 September 2020
Keywords:
Membrane reactors
Mathematical modeling
Thermochemical water-splitting
HI decomposition
Thermochemical iodine–sulfur (IS) process
abstract
HI decomposition using a membrane reactor is one of the important steps in hydrogen
production by the thermal splitting of water using the Sulfur–Iodine cycle. Though, this
reaction is endothermic. The mathematical model available to study the performance
of such a reactor is an isothermal model. In this study, a non-isothermal mathematical
model is developed by microscopic material and energy balance across the length of
the membrane reactor. Experimental results from the literature are used for validation
of the developed model. Comparing the simulations from the developed model and
already reported isothermal model showed significant differences, which endorses the
importance of the developed model.
Later, the effects of different operating and design parameters were analyzed. Higher
feed temperature (950–1000 K), lower feed pressure (100,000–150,000 Pa), lower feed
flow rate (<200 ml/min), lower permeate pressure (<2500 Pa) and low to moderate
N
2
/HI ratio (0.3–0.4) were found to be the optimum operating conditions. Similarly, the
conversion also increased with increasing reactor length, membrane area, and membrane
permeance but eventually became constant. Reactor length around 0.4 m, membrane
area around 0.008 m
2
and membrane permeance around 2 × 10
-7
mol m
2
Pa
-1
s
-1
were
estimated to be the optimum design conditions for the maximum HI decomposition.
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Fossil fuels are a scarce commodity and are a major source of air pollution. The energy demand is expected to increase
due to an ever-growing population. Thus, it has become essential to reduce the load on fossil fuels by shifting to clean
fuel. Hydrogen is an excellent energy carrier, which only produces water on combustion, and can be stored, unlike other
carriers. Since hydrogen is a carrier and not a source of energy, it can only be as clean as its method of production.
Currently, most of the hydrogen is produced by reforming of fossil fuels, which in turn releases CO and CO
2
, thus defeating
the purpose of using hydrogen as a clean fuel. Moreover, large scale electrolysis and direct thermal splitting of water are
challenging due to high energy requirements (Barreto et al., 2003; Marbán and Valdés-Solís, 2007; Penner, 2006).
An upcoming source of hydrogen is the thermochemical splitting of water, having relatively lower energy consumption
which can be provided from solar power or nuclear waste heat sources (Rao and Dey, 2017). It is a series of reactions
such that the net reaction is that of water decomposition. Besides hydrogen and oxygen, all the other reaction products
are recycled back to the process resulting in water being the only feed stream (Nguyen et al., 2014). Various such thermal
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: manishjain@dtu.ac.in (M. Jain).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101162
2352-1864/© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.