OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS
Indiana Journal of Economics and Business Management
Abbriviate Tittle- Ind J Econ Bus Manag
ISSN (Online)- 2583-3758
Journal Homepage Link- https://indianapublications.com/journal/IJEBM
DOI:
*Corresponding Author: Sule Muhammed
1
INDIANA
PRODUCTIVE AND QUALITY RESEARCH
Research Article
Volume-03|Issue-01|2023
Economic Growth Induction through Human Capital Development in Nigeria
Sule Muhammed*
1
, Vicent Chuks Okafor
1
, Itodo Christian Itodo
1
, Nwokoye Mathew Okechukwu
1
1
Department of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Article History
Received: 27.12.2022
Accepted: 13.01.2023
Published: 20.01.2023
Citation
Muhammed, S., Okafor, V. C.,
Itodo, I. C., & Okechukwu, N. M.
(2023). Economic Growth
Induction through Human Capital
Development in Nigeria. Indiana
Journal of Economics and
Business Management, 3(1), 1-7.
Abstract: The study empirically investigated the induction of economic growth through human capital development
for a period of thirty three years (1988-2020). The study employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression
model to analyze the data and discovered the growth in GDP were accounted for by the Human Development Index
(HDI), Education Expenditure of Government (EEG), Health Expenditure of Government (HEG), Life Expectancy
(LEXP), and Gross Capital Formation (GCAPF). EEG and HEG had greater impact on economic growth than the
other variables. The study concluded that all variables are responsible for the growth in GDP with EEG and HEG
having the greatest influence. It recommended that education and health sector budget be increased significantly to
ensure steady economic growth among others.
Keywords: Human Capital, Economic Growth, Human Development Index, Capital Formation, Life Expectancy.
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( CC BY-NC 4.0).
INTRODUCTION
Naturally, every country is endowed with both
human and natural resources which are very critical to
their growth and development. The wisdom, will and
ability of any nation to make judicious use of these two
resources determine the level of its growth and
development. The wisdom in the human endowment lies
in the proper and efficient allocation of the natural
resources in production of the right goods and services
for human consumption.
For any country either developed or developing,
must invest in human capital by providing a working and
sound system of education and a functional health
system. Development of education and the health sector
have been the major topic of discussion among
economists, researchers and policy makers as the engine
of growth. Education without doubt is an instrument of
change as it is responsible for the development of the
research sector where ideas and knowledge of modern
technology and modern productive methods of
production, even with innovation are acquired.
Investment in education produces efficient and
productive individuals that could bring about better plans
which induce growth. Investment in the health sector on
the other hand is for wellness of the working population
and the general public. A healthy nation is a wealthy
nation. The workers are not iron, even the iron does wear
out after sometimes. The individuals get sick or tired
after working for sometimes and so need maintenance
and proper healthcare.
In 1959 seeing the importance of human capital
development, the Nigerian government set up a panel to
find out the manpower need of the country at the post-
secondary and tertiary institutions over the next twenty
years. The report of the committee known as the Ashby
report (1960) made some projection of enrolment figures
into Nigerian universities for a period of one decade
(1960 - 1970). The committee made three
recommendations as regard human resources planning. It
suggested the establishment of the National University
Commission (NUC) as university regulatory body to
regulate the activities of universities in the country, the
National Manpower Board (NMB) and its secretariat
responsible for manpower training generally and the
Regional Manpower Committee responsible for
manpower training at the state or regional level.
Nigerian government has attempted to improve
its human capital at various stages of reforms in
education. According to Garba (2015), the British
colonial rule in 1954 changed the 8-6-2-3 system to the
6-5-2-3 as a result of agitation from notable Nigerians
who were educated at the time. The British system of
education was criticized and in September 1969, a
conference was held with recommendation that the old
system of 6-5-2-3 be replaced with the 6-3-3-4 system.
All these were meant to improve the quality of human
capital in the country. The trend in the expenditure of
government as a percentage of GDP in health has shown
a non-stable movement over time.
Provision of viable healthcare stimulates
productivity as healthy labour spend more time for work
and earn more, spend more time in the labour force,
invest in education and save for their old age. According
to Adebisi et al. (2020), there has been a downward
movement in government allocation as percentage of the