MID-INFRARED EMISSION IN InAs/GaAs SELF-ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS
P. BOUCAUD*, S. SAUVAGE*, T. BRUNHES*, F. GLOTIN**, R. PRAZERES*,
J. M. ORTEGA**, V. THIERRY-MIEG***, A. LEMAITRE***, AND J. M. GIRARD***
*IEF, Universit6 Paris XI, UMR CNRS 8622, Bat. 220,91405 Orsay, FRANCE,
phil@ief.u-psud.fr
**CLIO/LURE, Universit6 Paris XI, Bat. 209 d, 91405, Orsay, FRANCE
***Groupement scientique CNET-CNRS, 196 Av. H. Ravera, 92225 Bagneux, FRANCE
ABSTRACT
We have investigated the emission properties of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots in
the mid-infrared. The emission relies on the intraband transitions in the valence band of the
quantum dots. We first show that third-harmonic generation can be observed. The frequency
tripling efficiency is enhanced by the resonances between the pump excitation and the quantum
dot intraband transitions. A giant third-order nonlinear susceptibility X.3" = 1.5 x 10-14 (mnV)
2
is measured for one dot plane. The narrow spectral dependence of the nonlinear susceptibility is
well explained by simulations which account for the three-dimensional confinement potential.
We secondly show that the mid-infrared spontaneous emission between hole confined states can
be observed under an interband optical pumping. The spontaneous emission involves transitions
between either the ground and excited states or between excited states. These measurements
demonstrate the potentiality of self-assembled quantum dots for mid-infrared emission.
INTRODUCTION
The mid-infrared properties of self-assembled quantum dots are drawing considerable
interest for the development of new optoelectronic devices. These infrared properties rely on the
intraband (or intersublevel) transitions between the confined states in the conduction and in the
valence band. A strong analogy can be found between quantum dot intraband transitions and
quantum well intersubband transitions. Quantum dot infrared photodetectors, very similar to
quantum well infrared photodetectors have been recently developed [1, 2]. Apart from these
devices based on an absorption mechanism, one may wonder if the quantum dots do exhibit
similar emission properties in the mid-infrared as reported for intersubband transitions. It is well
known that a strong resonant enhancement of the nonlinear susceptibility associated with
intersubband transitions has been observed in quantum wells [3]. The mid-infrared emission
between subbands has also led to the development of a new class of unipolar laser, the so-called
quantum cascade laser [4]. It is therefore legitimate to investigate the emission properties of
self-assembled quantum dots. One may expect that the quantum dots could exhibit properties
similar to those observed in quantum wells, with even some specificities associated with the
three-dimensional confinement potential.
279
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 571 ©2000 Materials Research Society