International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 9(1): 103-109, 2021 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2021.090114
The Effect of Gamma Wave Optimization and Attention
on Hitting Skills in Softball
Jajat Darajat Kusumah Negara
1,*
, Sufyar Mudjianto
1
, Astri Budikayanti
2
, Adhitya Nugraha PP
1
1
Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Sport Education and Health, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 40154, West
Java, Indonesia
2
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10440, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Received September 22, 2020; Revised December 2, 2020; Accepted December 15, 2020
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Jajat Darajat Kusumah Negara, Sufyar Mudjianto, Astri Budikayanti, Adhitya Nugraha PP , "The Effect of
Gamma Wave Optimization and Attention on Hitting Skills in Softball," International Journal of Human Movement and
Sports Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 103-109, 2021. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2021.090114.
(b): Jajat Darajat Kusumah Negara, Sufyar Mudjianto, Astri Budikayanti, Adhitya Nugraha PP (2021). The Effect of
Gamma Wave Optimization and Attention on Hitting Skills in Softball. International Journal of Human Movement and
Sports Sciences, 9(1), 103-109. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2021.090114.
Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Hitting the ball is a complicated ability in
softball academicie, because in appreciation to prioritizing
movement skills, cognitive appearances additionally need
to be investigated, one of which is attention. Meanwhile,
going to hit the ball requires excellent attention for an
individual student. Exhibiting gamma waves further
influence arrangements of hitting performance. The
objectives of this study were first, to determine the negative
functional correlation between gamma brain waves and
hitting skills, then second to know the positive functional
correlation between attention and hitting skills and third to
determine the effect of attention on increasing hitting skills.
The method used in this research is an experimental
method with a one-group pretest-posttest design research
design. The sampling technique in this study was using a
saturated sampling technique. This investigation amounted
to 20 subjects, in the calculation of the Pearson
product-moment correlation test using SPSS v.23. The first
results collected were p-value 0.026 with an r square value
of 0.25, so there is a significant negative functional
correlation between gamma brain waves and hitting skills
in softball learning of 25%. The second issue obtained
p-value 0.017 with an r square value of 0.28, so there is a
significant positive functional correlation between
attention and hitting skills in softball learning by 28%.
Furthermore, thirdly, the results obtained p-value 0.0001
between pre-test and post-test, with a significant increase
in skills of 70.17%, so there is a significant influence
between attention and hitting skills.
Keywords Attention, Gamma Brain Waves, Hitting
Skills, Softball Games
1. Introduction
The optimized state of performance reached by sport
elites offers a privileged domain for studying the different
neuronal oscillations linked to sensorimotor and cognitive
control getting to final success or failure[1]. The human
brain is the various vital glands for all life perspectives,
including regulating all body functions, responding to all
physical activities, and in the thought process in
determining decisions. The human brain adapts to
changing demands by altering its functional and structural
properties neuroplasticity, which results in learning and
acquiring skills[2]. Brain development, or learning, is the
process of creating, strengthening, and discarding
connections among the neurons; these connections are
called synapses. Synapses organize the brain by forming
pathways that connect the parts of the brain governing
everything we do — from breathing and sleeping to
thinking and feeling[3]. Brain is an organ that is easily
affected by the physical changes, especially in modern
times, when the increasing pollution quickly poisons
people. When the poisonous substances enter the body,
every organ, including the brain, will be endangered.
Abnormalities will occur to the brain in terms of attention,