Phytocosmetics and beyond: the enzyme inhibitory activities of two rosaceae plant extracts and their cupper-nanoflowers Ufuk Koca-Caliskan 1* , Ceylan Dönmez 2 , Nuraniye Eruygur 3 , Fatma Ayaz 3 , Cevahir Altinkaynak 4 , Merve Türk 5 , Nalan Özdemir 5* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620, İzmir, Turkey 3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selçuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey 4 Department of Plant and Animal Production, Avanos Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50500, Nevşehir, Turkey 5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey Background In the last decade, organic/inorganic hybrid nanoflowers have received much attention due to their mesmerizing features such as simple, rapid and green synthesis, high surface roughness, large surface-to-volume ratio, high efficiency, and enzyme stabilizing ability. 1-3 Primarily, Ge et al reported protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers that were synthesized with selected proteins (BSA, laccase etc.) and CuSO 4 . 1 Further, several proteins (enzyme)-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers containing different kinds of organic molecules (macromolecules such as protein, DNA, alginate etc. or small molecules like aminoacids) and ions (Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , etc.,) have been subsequently reported. 4-13 Nevertheless, there are just a few studies reported about synthesis of hybrid nanoflowers exploiting plant extracts in the literature. Baldemir et al reported the construction of snowball like novel organic-inorganic hybrid structure that were established by the extract of Viburnum opulus plant and copper (II) ions. It was shown that this hybrid structure presented effective antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens more than the V. opulus plain extract. 14 In addition, Ildiz et al established the green method for the synthesis of organic- inorganic hybrid nanoflowers based on fenugreek seeds. The hybrid nanoflowers exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than free extract against some gram-positive (+) and gram-negative (-) bacteria. Both hybrid nanoflowers and free extract did not showeded any anticandidal activities against C. albicans or C. glabrata. 15 Subsequently, Altınkaynak et al reported the production of an organic- inorganic hybrid structure that was synthesized by using Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze plant extract and its main components. Synthesized C. sinensis extract with the united Cu 2+ ions’ nanoflowers (Nfs) showed high antimicrobial and catalytic effects. 16 Unlike these studies, for the first time, selected medicinal plant extract-copper International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients 2020;7:12 Original Article doi 10.15171/ijpni.2020.12 Please cite this paper as: Koca-Caliskan U, Dönmez C, Eruygur N, Ayaz F, Altinkaynak C, Türk M, Özdemir N. Phytocosmetics and beyond: the enzyme inhibitory activities of two rosaceae plant extracts and their cupper- nanoflowers. Int J Phytocos Nat Ingred. 2020;7:12. doi:10.15171/ijpni.2020.12. Abstract Background: In this study organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were synthesized using methanolic extracts of the medicinal plants’ Rosa canina L. and Rubus sanctus Schreber together with copper ions (Cu 2+ ). Materials and Methods: The synthesized plant extract based–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (PE-ihNFs) of R. canina (Rc-ihNFs) and R. sanctus (Rs-ihNFs) were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, several enzymes were selected to determine the enzyme inhibitionactivities of the synthesized PE-ihNFs. For the first-time, enzymes (tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase) inhibition activities of the PE-ihNFs and their plain plant extracts were evaluated in vitro assays. Results: Results showed that the PE-ihNFs demonstrated better α-glucosidase & α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity compared to the plain extracts. Conclusions: These initial studies are promising for the synthesis of these hybrid nanoflowers containing plant extracts, which might have commercial applications in the pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics industries. Keywords: Hybrid nanoflowers, Enzyme inhibitions, Plants extract, Phytocosmetics *Correspondence to Ufuk Koca-Caliskan, Email: ukoca@gazi.edu.tr Nalan Özdemir, Email: ozdemirn@erciyes. edu.tr Received 16 Dec. 2020 Revised 26 Dec. 2020 Accepted 27 Dec. 2020 ePublished 28 Dec. 2020