410 The Journal of Phytopharmacology 2020; 9(6): 410-418 Online at: www.phytopharmajournal.com Research Article ISSN 2320-480X JPHYTO 2020; 9(6): 410-418 November- December Received: 13-09-2020 Accepted: 18-11-2020 ©2020, All rights reserved doi: 10.31254/phyto.2020.9605 S Muthuraj Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 600003, India P Muthusamy Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 600003, India R Radha Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 600003, India K Ilango Division of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur – 603 203.Kancheepuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence: S Muthuraj Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai – 600003, India Email: smraj1111[at]gmail.com Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Studies and In vitro antidiabetic Evaluation of Seed Extracts of Casuarina equisetifolia Linn. S Muthuraj*, P Muthusamy, R Radha, K Ilango ABSTRACT Casuarina equisetifolia is a fast growing, evergreen pine tree. It is a well-known xerophytic plant of the tropics and subtropics region. It is endemic to coastal area and its origin from Australia. The current study has been done to examine the Pharmacognocstical, Phytochemical analysis and In vivo antidiabetic activity of successive solvent seed extract of Casuarina equisetifolia. The plant materials are collected from Coimbatore district and are authenticated by Siddha institute in Chennai. The pharmacognostical parameters such as Macroscopy, microscopy, powdermicroscopy, physiocemical constants and to determine the inorganic elements present in the seed. The seeds can be well dried and make into a coarse powder. Then it is subjected to continuous hot percolation method by using soxhlet apparatus. In successive solvent seed extraction, the extracts can be obtained from different types of polarity solvents namely non polar (hexane), mid polar (ethyl acetate) and polar solvent (ethanol). Its secondary metabolites are evaluated by preliminary Phytochemical analysis. The quantification of phyto constituents such as quercetin, Kaempferol, stigmasterol, Rutin, Ellagic acid are carried out by HPTLC, LC-MS. The antidiabetic activity of seed extract is confirmed by alpha amylase inhibitor assay and glucose uptake assay by using 3T3 L1 cell line. Keywords: Glucose uptake assay, Casuarinas equisetifolia, 3T3 L1cell line, Alpha amylase. 1. INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are also being considered for the treatment of diabetes. Many common drugs have been taken from prototypic molecules in medicinal plants. Metformin is an effective example of lowering oral sugar. Its development was based on the use of Galega officinalis in the treatment of diabetes. Galega officinalis is rich in guanidine, a hypoglycemic compound. Because guanidine is highly toxic for clinical use, alkyl Biguanides synthalin A and synthalin B were introduced as anti-diabetic agents in Europe in the 1920's but were discontinued after insulin became widely available. However, experience with guanidine and biguanides encouraged the development of metformin. To date, more than 400 conventional treatments for diabetic plants have been reported, although only a handful have received scientific tests and treatments for their effectiveness. The hypoglycemic effect of certain herbal supplements is confirmed in human models with animal type 2 diabetes. The World Health Organization (WHO) Committee on Diabetes has recommended that a study of alternative therapies be investigated. A major obstacle to integrating herbal medicine into modern medicine is the lack of scientific and clinical data proving its effectiveness and safety. There is a need to conduct clinical research on herbal drugs, to develop simple bioassays for environmental suspension, chemical and toxicity testing, and to develop a variety of animal toxicity and safety testing. It is also important to establish the active ingredient / components from this plant extraction. India is the largest plant of Casuarina equisetifoliain in the world and it is estimated that 500, 000 hectares are planted with Casuarina in the Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and Tamil Nadu regions and the Casuarinaceae in India, which are Casuarinales, a distinct group of angiosperms [3] . Casuarina equisetifolia contains many active metabolites including carbohydrates, alkaloids, proteins, glycosides, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, gum, reducing sugars and triterpenoids [4-5] . It was used for the treatment of constipation, cough, diabetes, diarrhea, diarrhea, gonorrhea, nervous disorders, rash, throat infections and stomach ulcers. However, the bark is used as an astringent and is also used for abdominal pain, diarrhea, rashes and nervous disorders. Leaf: was used as an antispasmodic for colic. Aerial components: were used as hypoglycemic. The seeds were used as Anthelmintic, Antispasmodic and Antidiabetesic [6-8] .