Study of Electrical Properties of Microcrystalline Silicon Films Using AC Measurements
Ely A. T. Dirani
1,2
, Alexandre M. Nardes
1
, Adnei M. Andrade
1
, Fernando J. Fonseca
1
and
Reginaldo Muccillo
3
1
LME, Dept. Eng. de Sistemas Eletrônicos, Escola Politécnica da USP, São Paulo,SP, BRAZIL
2
Dept. de Engenharia Elétrica – PUC, São Paulo, SP, BRAZIL.
3
CMDMC, CCTM, IPEN, São Paulo, SP, BRAZIL
ABSTRACT
Hydrogenated amorphous (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline (μc-Si:H) silicon films are
indispensable materials for large area electronic devices like solar cells, image sensors and thin
film transistors (TFTs). The interest of the μc-Si:H films arise from the fact that they combine
the high optical absorption of a-Si:H and the electrical transport properties close to those of
crystalline silicon. In this work we show the correlation between substrate deposition
temperature, crystallinity and electrical properties of a-Si:H and μc-Si:H films. The films were
prepared by a conventional PECVD (13.56 MHz) RF system from PH
3
/SiH
4
/H
2
gas mixtures in
the temperature range of 100 to 250
o
C. While phosphorus doped (n) a-Si:H are deposited
yielding conductivity values no better than 10
-2
S/cm, (n) μc-Si:H layers deposited at substrate
temperature of 250
o
C show conductivity values higher than 10
1
S/cm, crystalline fraction up to
80% and Hall mobility of about 0.9 cm
2
. V
-1
.s
-1
. It was observed that a change in the dark
conductivity behavior occurs around 140
o
C, with a large increase in the conductivity values. A
corresponding increase is not seen in the average grain size and in the crystalline volume
fraction, which shows an almost linear increase with the deposition temperature. This stronger
influence of the temperature in the electrical characteristics of the μc-Si:H films may be related
to the phosphorus activation, which occurs in higher degree at higher deposition temperatures.
The correlation among Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect and AC conductivity measurements
(frequency range 6 Hz to 13 MHz) shows that the crystalline phase dominates the electrical
transport mechanism in μc-Si:H films. Preliminary results of AC measurements indicate that the
electrical resistivity of each phase of this material can be determined.
1. INTRODUCTION
It has been reported [1-3] that a-Si:H and μc-Si:H films have been deposited at temperatures
well below the conventional CVD temperature processes. In order to maintain the properties of
certain substrates, Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition process can be tailored. In most
cases the existing processes make use of high temperature that may damage polymeric substrates.
To develop a low temperature process it is necessary to understand the role played by the
deposition temperature in the growth mechanism. This commences with the nucleation of “islands”
of deposited material followed by the columnar growth and coalescence, which makes the film
more compact and continuous [1,2]. This can be observed by the behavior of the deposition rate
that, at first, diminishes with the deposition time until it reaches a saturation value [2-4].
The substrate deposition temperature role in the coalescence process is the energy supply for
the neutral molecular fractions or the still ionized radicals adhered to the substrate. Increased
mobility permits rearrangements into more stable configurations of the material structure. In
cases where the deposition rate is sufficiently low, as is the case in microcrystalline film
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 664 © 2001 Materials Research Society
A23.5.1