Rachmad Syah et al, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine (IJPSM), Vol.9 Issue. 3, March- 2024, pg. 7-16 ISSN: 2519-9889 Impact Factor: 5.9 © 2024, IJPSM All Rights Reserved, www.ijpsm.com 7 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN POSTOPERATIVE PATIENTS IN THE ICU (INTENSIVE CARE UNIT) ROOM OF HOSPITAL X IN ACEH IN 2022 Rachmad Syah 1 ; Almahdy A. 2 ; Dedy Almasdy 3* 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University. rachmadsyah496@gmail.com 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University. almahdy58@gmail.com 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University. dedyalmasdy@phar.unand.ac.id DOI: 10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i03.002 Abstract: The irrational use of antibiotics can lead to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics in hospitals, which can complicate the treatment process. Potential problems with antibiotic use in the ICU arise from inappropriate use. A study mentioned that 30%-60% of antibiotic use in ICU is unnecessary, inappropriate, or suboptimal. Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia (AMRIN) research showed that 42% of antibiotic use indicated inappropriate in surgical patients. This study is an analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using retrospective data with a qualitative approach to the Gyssens method. This study used retrospective secondary data in the form of medical records of postoperative patients in the ICU in 2022. 116 patient medical records met the inclusion criteria. The results of the Gyssens analysis showed a category 0 (rational) of 71.58% and an inappropriate category of 28.42% spread in several categories. The results of the chi-square test showed a difference in the quality of antibiotic use with the type of single or combined antibiotic use, and there was a difference in the quality of antibiotic use with the condition of the patient leaving the ICU. Keywords: Antibiotic Evaluation, Gyssens, Qualitative 1. Introduction Infections mainly occur in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This happens because the ICU is contaminated by bacteria and other microbes, while patients in the ICU are often in a state of immunocompromise, undergo invasive actions and monitoring, and often come into contact with hospital staff and patient families, which can cause nosocomial infections. The high use of antibiotics also causes resistance which can complicate treatment therapy and facilitate the spread of infection. (Hidayat et al., 2021) The irrational use of antibiotics can lead to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics in hospitals so the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics can complicate the treatment process. Several types of bacteria that often experience resistance to antibiotics, namely Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and vancomycin, Staphylococcus epidermidis to methicillin, Enterococci to vancomycin and broad-spectrum bacteria to beta- lactam antibiotics. (Hidayat et al., 2021). Unwise use of antibiotics can cause excessive fungal growth and the emergence of bacteria resistant to various antimicrobials. (Kemenkes RI, 2017). Potential problems with antibiotic use in the ICU arise from inappropriate use, previous studies suggest that 30%-60% of antibiotic use in intensive care units is unnecessary, inappropriate, or suboptimal. Antibiotic resistance and toxicity are common impacts of antibiotic use. Epidemiological studies show that there is a relationship between antibiotic consumption and the spread of antibiotic resistance strains. In addition, the factors for the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit are patients with decreased physical condition, decreased immune system, and increased use of antibiotic therapy. (Prastica, 2020). According to Rasyid (2008) in Zalfani (2020) Most general surgical cases require antibiotics as prophylactic, empirical, or definitive therapy. About 30-50% of antibiotic use in hospitals is used for surgical prophylaxis purposes. The Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia (AMRIN) study conducted at Dr. Kariadi