884 © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. Version of Record, first published online March 12, 2018, with fixed content and layout in compliance with Art. 8.1.3.2 ICZN. Morphology, Systematics, Evolution A New Species of the Simulium (Simulium) argentipes Species-Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Taiwan, and Its Phylogenetic Relationships With Four Related Species Hiroyuki Takaoka, 1,5 Van Lun Low, 1 Tiong Kai Tan, 2 Yae-Te Huang, 3 Masako Fukuda, 4 and Zubaidah Ya’cob 1 1 Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia, 2 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, 3 R&D Center Composites Department, Nan Ya Plastics Corporation, Nan Lin Road, Tai Shan District, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan, 4 Institute of Research Promotion, Oita University, Yufu- City, Oita 879-5593, Japan, and 5 Corresponding author, E-mail: takaoka@oita-u.ac.jp Subject Editor: Richard Wilkerson Received 5 December 2017; Editorial decision 15 January 2018 Abstract A new black fy species, Simulium haiduanenseTakaoka, Low & Huang (Diptera: Simuliidae), is described on the basis of females, males, pupae, and mature larvae from Taiwan. This new species is placed in the Simulium argentipes species-group of the subgenus Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) and is characterized by the yellowish female legs, ovipositor valves rounded apically and with its inner margin concave, claw with a small subbasal tooth, male style without a basal protuberance, pupal gill with eight flaments, corbicular cocoon, and larval abdomen lacking paired protuberances. It represents the frst record of the S. argentipes species-group from Taiwan. Taxonomic notes are given to separate this new species from all eight species in the same species-group. The phylogenetic relationships of this new species with four related species are presented. Key words: black fy, aquatic insect, fauna, taxonomy The Simulium argentipes species-group is one of 32 species-groups of the subgenus Simulium, the largest of the 37 subgenera of the genus Simulium Latreille (Diptera: Simuliidae) (Adler and Crosskey 2017, Takaoka 2017). It is a small taxon consisting of eight spe- cies, of which seven are distributed in the Oriental Region (two in the Philippines; one in Vietnam; one in Yunnan, China; one in Peninsular Malaysia; one in Sabah and Sarawak; and one in Sumatra, Indonesia) and the remaining one is known in the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions (China, Japan, and Korea) (Adler and Crosskey 2017, Takaoka 2017). Little is known about the biting habits and other biologi- cal aspects in this species-group, although Simulium bidentatum Shiraki (Diptera: Simuliidae) is a vector of Onchocerca dewittei japonica Uni, Bain & Takaoka (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), which is a parasite of wild boar and a causative agent of zoonotic onchocerci- asis in Japan (Fukuda et al. 2010), and also is a vector of Onchocerca sp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from cattle and Onchocerca taka- okai Uni, Fukuda & Bain (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from wild boar in Japan (Takaoka 1990, Takaoka and Bain 1990, Fukuda et al. 2010). In a recent survey of pupae and larvae of black fies in Taiwan, we collected one undescribed species of the S. argentipes species-group, which is similar to S. bidentatum from China, Korea, and Japan (Takaoka 1976), Simulium sansahoense Takaoka & Chen from Vietnam (Takaoka et al. 2017), and Simulium tanae (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Yunnan in southern China (Xue 1992) in having yellowish female legs but is distinguished from the latter species by the larval abdomen lacking paired protuberances dorsally. This spe- cies is here described as new based on females, males, pupae, and larvae. We also investigated the phylogenetic relationships of this new species with four related species, S. argentipes (Diptera: Simuliidae) Edwards from Peninsular Malaysia, Simulium beludense Takaoka (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Sabah and Sarawak, S. biden- tatum from Japan, and S. sansahoense from Vietnam, using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene segment. Materials and Methods The methods of collection, description and illustration, and terms for morphological features follow those of Takaoka (2003) and par- tially those of Adler et al. (2004). Simulium haiduanense sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Taiwan, two Malaysian species, S. argentipes (from Cameron Journal of Medical Entomology, 55(4), 2018, 884–892 doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy028 Advance Access Publication Date: 12 March 2018 Research Article Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/55/4/884/4922455 by guest on 26 February 2023