Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika (JITEKI) Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 59-71 ISSN: 2338-3070, DOI: 10.26555/jiteki.v7i1.20519 59 Journal homepage : http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/JITEKI Email : jiteki@ee.uad.ac.id Some Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Sensorless Control Methods based on Operation Speed Area Bernadeta Wuri Harini Universitas Sanata Dharma, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Yogyakarta, 55282, Indonesia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received April 05, 2021 Revised April 17, 2021 Accepted April 21, 2021 This paper compares some sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) controls for driving an electric vehicle in terms of operating speed. Sensorless control is a type of control method in which sensors, such as speed and position sensors, are not used to measure controlled variables. The controlled variable value is estimated from the stator current measurement. Sensorless control performance is not as good as a sensor-based system. This paper aims are to recommend a control method for the PMSM sensorless controls that would be used to drive an electric vehicle. The methods that we will discuss are divided into four categories based on the operation speed area. They are a startup, low speed, high speed, and low and high-speed areas. The low and high-speed area will be divided into with and without switching. If PMSM more work at high speed, the most speed area that is used, we prefer to choose the method that works at high speed, that is, the modification or combination of two or more conventional methods. Keywords: PMSM; Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor; Sensorless control; Observer; Operation speed area This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 Bernadeta Wuri Harini, Sanata Dharma University, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Yogyakarta, 55282, Indonesia Email: wuribernard@usd.ac.id 1. INTRODUCTION Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is widely used for an electric vehicle. It's because PMSM has several benefits. High performance, high torque, high power density, high power factor, greater torque inertia ratio, smaller size, lighter weight, lower current rating, and low vibration noise are some of the advantages [1]. Furthermore, alternating-current (AC) motors are used instead of direct-current (DC) motors in low and medium power control applications such as robotics and automobiles [2]. Compared to an induction motor, PMSM has better efficiency than an induction motor in power density and dynamic performance [3]. In general, there are two ways to control the speed or position of a PMSM: sensor control and sensorless control. The presence of a sensor (such as a speed or position sensor) can trigger issues when it comes to connecting the sensor to the motor. As a result, we employ the sensorless control system. The stator current is measured in the sensorless control method to estimate the motor speed. An observer is used to estimate the speed variable. Unfortunately, using PMSM sensorless control in an electric vehicle can also trigger issues. The main issue with the PMSM sensorless control system is that the torque controller performance degraded when compared to a traditional controller with sensors, particularly at startup and low speeds [4]. When the PMSM runs at a low speed, the measured current signal is very weak, making current measurement difficult. This condition causes errors in estimating rotor angle. There are several methods for controlling the PMSM during low-speed operation. One of them is the high-frequency signals injection from the external as Jyoti Agrawal and Sanjay Bodkhe [5]. The measured current signal is very poor when the PMSM runs at a low speed, which makes current measurement difficult. This condition also occurs at startup. The availability of accurate rotor position information is the biggest problem in startup conditions. M. Arafa et al. [6] proposed a method to overcome this problem. According to Gaeid, et al. [7], when the PMSM operates at high speeds, the sensorless control system's output is inferior to that of a control system with sensors. The paper explained that sensor-based controls