International Journal of Psychology, 2014
DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12041
The mediating role of disgust sensitivity and
thought-action fusion between religiosity and obsessive
compulsive symptoms
Mujgan Inozu
1
, Fulya Ozcanli Ulukut
2
, Gokce Ergun, and Gillian M. Alcolado
3
1
Department of Psychology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
2
Department of Psychology, Suleyman Sah University, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
P
sychological theories of obsessions and compulsions have long recognised that strict religious codes and moral
standards might promote thought-action fusion (TAF) appraisals. These appraisals have been implicated in the
transformation of normally occurring intrusions into clinically distressing obsessions. Furthermore, increased disgust
sensitivity has also been reported to be associated with obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms. No research, however, has
investigated the mediating roles of TAF and disgust sensitivity between religiosity and OC symptoms. This study was
composed of 244 undergraduate students who completed measures of OC symptoms, TAF, disgust sensitivity, religiosity
and negative effect. Analyses revealed that the relationship between religiosity and OC symptoms was mediated by TAF
and disgust sensitivity. More importantly, the mediating role of TAF was not different across OC symptom subtypes,
whereas the mediating role of disgust sensitivity showed different patterns across OC symptom subtypes. These findings
indicate that the tendency for highly religious Muslims to experience greater OC symptoms is related to their heightened
beliefs about disgust sensitivity and the importance of thoughts.
Keywords: Religiosity; TAF; Disgust sensitivity; OC symptoms.
Psychological theories of obsessions and compulsions
have long suggested that strict religious codes and
moral standards may play an important role in the
transformation of normally occurring intrusive thoughts
into clinically distressing obsessions. Purportedly, this
occurs because strong personal meaning is attached to the
content and occurrence of intrusive thoughts (Rachman,
1997). Research has demonstrated that degree of
religious devotion is positively associated with obsessive
compulsive (OC) symptoms and beliefs (Abramowitz,
Deacon, Woods, & Tolin, 2004; Inozu, Karanci, & Clark,
2012; Yorulmaz, Genc ¸¨ oz, & Woody, 2009). The factors
responsible for these elevated OC symptoms in highly
religious individuals are, however, largely unknown. It
is still not clear whether different or common factors
are responsible for the positive association between
religiosity and OC symptoms across different religions
(e.g. Islam and Christianity).
Current cognitive behavioural theories of obsessions
(Rachman, 1997; Salkovskis, 1985) propose that normal
Correspondence should be addressed to Mujgan Inozu, Department of Psychology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy, Bolu, Turkey. (E-mail:
mujganinozu@ibu.edu.tr).
intrusions transform into frequent and distressing
obsessions when individuals misinterpret the presence
of these thoughts. They interpret their occurrence as
highly significant cues that portend dire consequences
for themselves or others, unless they act to cease these
disturbed thoughts. Therefore, cognitive behavioural
theories of obsessions emphasise the importance of
erroneous interpretations and negative meaning assigned
to the presence and content of such intrusive thoughts.
These theories suggest that specific kinds of dysfunctional
beliefs (e.g. intolerance of uncertainty, importance and
control of thoughts, inflated sense of responsibility and
perfectionism) play an important role in the aetiology
and/or maintenance of OC symptoms. Thought-action
fusion (TAF) is one of a number of obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD)-related faulty beliefs. It refers to a set
of cognitive biases involving faulty causal relationships
between one’s own thoughts and external reality. Within
the concept of TAF, two different types of TAF have
been identified: (a) TAF likelihood, the belief that the
© 2014 International Union of Psychological Science