Research Article The Efficiency of Economic Performance, Electricity Consumption, and Environmental Pollutants in Taiwan Wen-jie Zou, 1 Tai-Yu Lin , 2 Yung-ho Chiu , 3 Ting Teng, 4 and Kuei Ying Huang 3 1 Institute of Economics of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China 2 Department of Business Administration, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan 3 Department of Economics, Soochow University 56, Kueiyang St., Sec.1, Taipei 10048, Taiwan 4 Business School, Soochow University 56, Kueiyang St., Sec. 1, Taipei 10048, Taiwan Correspondence should be addressed to Tai-Yu Lin; eickyla@gmail.com Received 10 January 2020; Revised 5 April 2020; Accepted 17 April 2020; Published 5 May 2020 Academic Editor: Gaetano Zizzo Copyright © 2020 Wen-jie Zou et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Finding the balance between economic development and environmental protection is a major problem for many countries around the world. Air pollution caused by economic growth has caused serious damage to humans’ living environment, and as improving energy and resource eﬃciencies is the ﬁrst priority, many countries are targeting to move towards a sustainable environment and economic development. is study uses the modiﬁed dynamic SBM (slack-based measure) model to explore the economic eﬃciency and air pollutants emission eﬃciency in Taiwan’s counties and cities from 2012 to 2015 by taking labor, motor vehicles, and electricity consumption as inputs and average disposable income as output. Particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen oxide emissions (NO 2 ), and sulfur oxide emissions (SO 2 ) are undesirable outputs, whereas factory ﬁxed assets are a carry-over variable, and the results show the following: (1) the regions with the best overall eﬃciency between 2012 and 2015 include Taipei City, Keelung City, Hsinchu City, Chiayi City, and Taitung County; (2) in counties and cities with poor overall eﬃciency performance, the average disposable income per household has no signiﬁcant relationship with air pollutant emissions; (3) in counties and cities where overall eﬃciency is poor, the average eﬃciency of each household’s disposable income is small; and (4) except for the ﬁve counties and cities with the best overall performance, the three air pollutants in the other fourteen counties and cities are high. Overall, the air pollution of most areas needs improvement. 1. Introduction Taiwan, one of the Asian four dragons, has high energy (electricity) consumption, population, and vehicle density and severe air pollution. is study is going to explore the economic performance eﬃciency, energy consumption (electricity), and air pollutant emission eﬃciency of Taiwan. From the World Health Organization’s [1] national ranking of PM 2.5 concentrations in September 2011, Taiwan ranks 32nd among 38 survey countries. Among nearly 600 cities worldwide, Chiayi and Kaohsiung made it among the top ten. From the average concentration of PM 2.5 in 2013, the risk of lung cancer and asthma in children increased to 15%, with the risk from stroke, heart disease, and chronic respiratory disease increasing by 25%. In 2014, more than 6,000 deaths in Taiwan were caused by exposure to PM 2.5 . Indeed, PM 2.5 causes damage in Taiwan. e impact of CO 2 , SO 2 , and PM 2.5 cannot be overlooked. Most studies in the literature explore the eﬀects of energy and environ- mental eﬃciencies on CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO 2 emissions. Many researches analyze the energy eﬃciency of China. Wu et al. [2] use two-stage network DEA (data envelopment analysis) to assess China’s energy conservation and emission re- duction eﬃciency during 2006–2010. Energy saving and emission reduction in the eastern region are better than in the central and western regions. Lin and Du [3] employ the Hindawi Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 2020, Article ID 8260965, 16 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8260965