Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
Volume 16 Issue 4 2020
DOI : 10.30597/mkmi.v16i4.11025
Website : http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi
© 2020 by author. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license
477
Anthropometry as Indicator of the Family Economic Condition
Antropometri Keluarga sebagai Indikator Kondisi Ekonomi Keluarga
Lely Wahyuniar
1*
, Bambang Sutrisna
2
, Abas B. Djauhari
3
, Ratna Djuwita
4
1
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKKES) Kuningan, Jawa Barat
2
Departemen Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia
3
Puslitbang Gizi Kementerian Kesehatan RI
4
Departemen Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia
*
Email korespondensi: wahyuniarl@unaids.org
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of Indonesian population experiencing hunger reaches 20.1%.
Anthropometry is considered capable to measure socio-economic conditions
because it is directly related to the financial purchasing power of food that affects
intake patterns. The aim of this study is to test the reliability of the family
anthropometry using Height for Age Z Score (HAZ) index and Body Mass Index Z
Score (BMIZ) as indicator of the family economic condition. This cross-sectional
study design located in Astanajapura (Rural) and Kesambi (Urban) Subdistrict,
Cirebon, West Java. The stratification sampling method was held to obtain samples
from all main family members of the selected households (1,999 persons) from 405
families. Data analysis used ROC method to obtain the cut-off points of
anthropometry index, validity test for sensitivity and specificity, and Kappa test for
the reliability test. The findings indicate that the family HAZ anthropometry index
could represent the family economic condition better than the BMIZ and it is
reliable to become an indicator for the economic condition both in rural and urban
areas. There is a positive correlation between consumption per capita and the HAZ
index where the higher the family HAZ z score is, the higher the family consumption
per capita. The method can be used to measure the poor prevalence in macro level
and select the target of poor families in the micro level using the family HAZ
anthropometry index. It is recommended to use HAZ index to estimate prevalence
of poor families within the micro level, but the process must not include children
under two years old due to the technical obstacle during measurement and other
substance factors. Further research is needed to produce a more accurate method
in using the family anthropometry as an indicator of family economic condition.
Article History:
Received Aug, 10
th
, 2020
Revised form Nov, 17
th
, 2020
Accepted Des, 21
st
, 2020
Published online Des, 31
st
, 2020
Keywords:
Family anthropometry;
capita expenditure;
economic condition;
Kata Kunci:
Antropometri keluarga;
pengeluaran kapita;
kondisi ekonomi;
ABSTRAK
Prevalensi penduduk Indonesia yang mengalami kelaparan mencapai 20,1%.
Antropometri dianggap mampu merefleksikan kondisi sosial-ekonomi karena
berkaitan langsung dengan daya beli finansial makanan yang memengaruhi pola
asupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari reabilitas indeks antropometri TB/U
keluarga dan IMT/U keluarga sebagai indikator kondisi ekonomi keluarga.
Penelitian potong-lintang ini berlokasi di Kecamatan Astanajapura dan Kesambi,
Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Metode stratifikasi sampling digunakan untuk mengambil
sampel dari seluruh anggota keluarga inti rumah tangga terpilih (1.999 orang) dari
405 keluarga. Analisis data menggunakan metode ROC untuk mengetahui titik
potong indeks antropometri, uji validitas untuk menilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas
dan uji Kappa untuk reliabilitas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa indeks
antropometri TB/U keluarga lebih dapat menggambarkan kondisi ekonomi keluarga
melalui pengeluaran per kapita keluarga dibandingkan dengan IMT/U keluarga dan
andal sebagai indikator kondisi ekonomi keluarga. Indeks antropometri keluarga
minus baduta dapat menggambarkan kondisi ekonomi keluarga di pedesaan dan
perkotaan. Terdapat hubungan positif antara pengeluaran per kapita dengan indeks
TB/U, di mana semakin tinggi nilai z score B/U keluarga, semakin tinggi pengeluaran
per kapita keluarga tersebut. Hasil ini dapat digunakan untuk perhitungan
prevalensi kemiskinan di tingkat makro dan seleksi target keluarga miskin di tingkat