Page | 174 E-ISSN : 2686-6498 P-ISSN : 2622-5964 Jurnal Al-Dustur Vol. 3 No. 2 Tahun 2020 Program Studi Hukum Tata Negara Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bone THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF RASHIDUN CALIPHATE Wahyuniar WN 1 , Nur Afifa 2 Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone Email: wahyuniar.wn@gmail.com, nurafifaafifa9@gmail.com ABSTRACT This study examines the political thought of the era of khulafa' al-rasyidin. The aim is to explain the differences in political practices in each caliph reign after the death of the Prophet. Political practices have been carried out since the time of the Prophet Muhammad which is the Medina period, where the Prophet served as religious leader as well as head of state. During this time, the Prophet has many companions who were strong and smart in political affairs. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad the reign is successed by the sahabah or the companions. Historically, Muslims has four companions who are the successor to the Prophet, known as Khulafa' al-rasyidin. The political practice is adopted by Khulafa 'al-Rashidin has a standardized system, each caliph who rules implementing a different political system, following the conditions of the people that occurred at era. The four caliphs are appointed as leaders in different ways. Keywords : Political Thought, Khulafa' Al-Rasyidin A. INTRODUCTION Every changing of government leader, the political policy also changed in the state, little or much. Thus, what happened after the death of the Prophet Muhammad continued with the era of khulafa' al-rasyidin. By the death of the Prophet, a unique situation in Islamic history comes to an end, which is the presence of a leader who had spiritual and temporal authority (worldly) and based on prophecy and sourced from Divine revelation. Then, this situation will not be repeated, because according to Islamic belief, the Prophet Muhammad is the last prophet and messenger of God. Meanwhile, he did not leave a will or message about who among his companions should take his position as the leader of the people. The period of khulafa' al-rasyidin or the era of the khibarus companions can be said as a period of great strength and disunity of the Muslims, because of the problems that occur at the era, Islamic politics is growing more than ever. Political thought in Islam is very important to be used in modern times like today, but what we know in politics is usually only a world of lies and a world of traitors. Yet, if we say that, do not, we also know that the prophets and the successor