Open Journal of Urology, 2014, 4, 127-131
Published Online November 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/oju
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oju.2014.411022
How to cite this paper: Kane, R., Niang, L., Diallo, Y., Jalloh, M., Ndiaye, A. and Gueye, S.M. (2014) Advanced Bladder
Cancer in Senegal: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects. Open Journal of Urology, 4, 127-131.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oju.2014.411022
Advanced Bladder Cancer in Senegal:
Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects
R. Kane
1*
, L. Niang
2
, Y. Diallo
3
, M. Jalloh
2
, A. Ndiaye
1
, S. M. Gueye
2
1
Service urologie hôpital principal, Dakar, Senegal
2
Service urologie hôpital general de grand yoff, Dakar, Senegal
3
Service urologie, Thiés, Senegal
Email:
*
donekane2008@yahoo.fr
Received 29 August 2014; revised 18 September 2014; accepted 20 October 2014
Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract
Advanced bladder cancer remains particularly frequent in our practice. Aim: To evaluate the pro-
portion of advanced bladder cancer at diagnosis and to describe the characterisitics at diagnosis.
Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study assessing 97 cases of
advanced bladder cancer over a period of 10 years (January 2002 to January 2012) at the depart-
ment of Urology of Hôpital Principal de Dakar and Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff. We included the
records of all patients with a pathologic confirmation of locally advanced bladder cancer (T3, T4)
and/or a visceral or lymph node metastasis. Results: Mean age was 47 years (Range: 25 - 80 years).
The cohort comprised 69 men and 28 women with a sex ratio of 2.46. The reasons for referral
were a hematuria (60.82%), pelvic mass (19.2%), irritative urinary symptoms (8.2%). Reported
medical histories were: urinary schistosomiasis (13 patients), tobaccoo(10 patients), recurrent
cystitis (8 patients). Indications of local extention were: inguinal lymph nodes (6 patients),
tumoral hepatomegaly (5 patients), bone pain (15 patients). A cystoscopy was performed in 64.95%
of patients in a mean time of 2.5 months. A Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT)
was performed in 77 patients with a mean time from referral of 4 months. Pathologic examination
showed squamous cell carcinoma (42%), urothelial carcinoma (28%) and adenocarcinoma (9%).
Thoraco-abdomino pelvic CT scan showed a loco regional extension in 18 patients, extension to
the peri vesical fat in 3 patients and metastasis in 25 patients. Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of
bladder cancer is still common in Africa with a high mortality rate. A better management requires
an improvement of the equipment in the hospital with an emphasis on the access to endoscopy
allowing for an early diagnosis.
Keywords
Advanced Bladder Cancer, Schistosomiasis, Endoscopy
*
Corresponding author.