Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(12):1704-1709 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy 1704 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol 11, Issue 12, December 2020 GANODERMA LUCIDUM ATTENUATES AND PREVENTS CCL4-INDUCED HEPATIC AND RENAL DAMAGE IN SPRAGUE – DAWLEY RATS Banan R. Dabdoub 1 , Rabeea Hazim Mohammed 2 and Haitham L. Abdulhadi 3 1,2 Biology department, Education College for pure Sciences University of Mosul-Iraq 1 dr.banandabdoub@uomosul.edu.iq 3 Biology department Education College for pure sciences University of Anbar-Iraq Abstract Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is considered to be a medicinal mushroom and it is widely used as anti-oxidants to prevent or treat of different types of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease and renal dysfunction. This study aimed to indicate whether G. lucidum could attenuate oxidative stress and prevent Hepatorenal damage. CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress in adult male of Sprague–Dawley rats (about 8-weeks old, 200–220g weight). Adult rats were randomly divided into four equal groups A, B, C and D. Group A was determined as a control one, group B received daily oral dose of Ganoderma Extract, (600 mg/kg/bw) for 12 weeks, while groups C and D received 0.1ml\100g b.w. of CCl4 (50% in olive oil) via the intraperitoneal route twice a week for 12 weeks, followed by daily oral dose of GAN extract, (600 mg/kg/bw). Blood samples were later collected for biochemical analysis. Liver and Renal Function Tests, such as ALT (alanine transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase), uric acid, creatinine and urea were determined. The current study is also determined the antioxidant enzyme activity, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and H2O2 induced by CCl4. The results demonstrated that G. lucidum can significantly prevent the CCl4 induced liver and kidney damage. Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; CCl4; Hepatoprotective; Oxidative stress; kidney damage; medicinal mushroom; Sprague–Dawley INTRODUCTION Several studies have reported that mushrooms extract and other herbal medicines such as Asparagus racemosus, Panax Notoginseng and Rosmarinus officinalis play novel functions as antidepressant (Matsuzaki et al., 2013). Mushrooms have a dozen types of bioactive substances including vitamins, proteins carbohydrates, minerals, fibers triterpenoids, polysaccharides, sterols, and fatty acids (Babu and Subhasree, 2008). They are also rich in antibacterial and other medicinal compounds such as antiviral, antioxidant and anticancerousn. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), also terms the reishi mushroom, is a popular medicinal mushroom used for promoting health and longevity in India, China, and Japan (Kao et al., 2013). This type of mushroom has been widely utilized as therapeutic to treat or prevent insomnia, neurasthenia, carcinoma, deficiency fatigue (Deng et al., 2020) as well as treatment gastric ulcer, nephritis, hypertension, Melanoma and Breast Cancer (Barbieri et al., 2017). G. lucidum is also produced phyto-constituents such as adenosine, polysaccharides, ergosterols, coumarin, ganoderic acids, , lactones, minerals, organic germanium and mannitol (Bao et al., 2002). They are probably improve energy, strengthens, enhance blood circulation and attenuate various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, liver disease, heart disease, kidney diseases and microbial infection (Geng et al., 2019; Wihastuti and Heriansyah, 2017; Zhao et al., 2018). It has been reported that cultured mycelia of G. lucidum possesses immunomodulatory (Bao et al., 2002), antitumor (Lin and Zhang, 2004), antibacterial, antiviral activities (Eo et al., 1999), anti- inflammatory hepatoprotect role and also prevent peroxidation and free radicals from causing damage of healthy cells in the body (Batra et al., 2013; Rai et al., 2015). In addition, water extracts and ethanol extracts of G. lucidum give protection against inflammation of the liver, the biggest gland of the body and the main detoxifying organ that regulates drugs metabolism and chemical toxicity (Lu et al., 2013). Triterpenoid extracted from G. lucidum is considered a protective factor against Acute viral hepatitis and chronic liver induced by the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (Wang et al., 2000). Results from animal experiments have indicated that CCl4 causes fibrosis in the liver tissue, damage of the hepatic parenchyma and increases liver enzymes particularly Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) (Gao et al., 2019). This is probably because production of free radicals during the activation of CCl4 by drug- metabolizing enzymes placed on the endoplasmic reticulum (Slater and Sawyer, 1971). In vivo and in vitro experiments have showed a potent action of G. lucidum as antioxidant and its radical-scavenging impacts for protection of the liver (Wang et al., 2000). Ganoderma extract could also protect the kidney from superoxide induced renal damages (Shieh et al., 2001). G. lucidum has been approved to exhibit pathophysiological mechanisms in attenuating and treating various renal diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (Geng et al., 2019). However, it is still unclear the impacts of G. lucidum on hepatorenal damage induced by CCl4. Consequently, the present study proposed that G. lucidum can effectively counteracting oxidative stress and could act as therapy against liver and