Elite Journal of Haematology. Volume 2 issue 4(2024), Pp. 86-104 https://epjournals.com/journals/EJH Citation: Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. Hematological Consequences of Erythropoietin in HIV: Clinical Implications. Elite Journal of Haematology, 2024; 2(4): 86-104 1 Hematological Consequences of Erythropoietin in HIV: Clinical Implications * Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu 1 and Getrude Uzoma Obeagu 2 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda 2 School of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda * Corresponding authour: Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, emmanuelobeagu@yahoo.com, ORCID: 0000-0002- 4538-0161 Abstract Hematological complications, particularly anemia, are common in individuals living with HIV and can significantly impact their quality of life and disease outcomes. Erythropoietin, a key regulator of erythropoiesis, has been investigated as a therapeutic intervention to manage anemia in HIV- infected individuals. However, the use of erythropoietin in HIV raises important clinical considerations, including its efficacy, safety, and potential impact on disease progression. This review examines the hematological consequences of erythropoietin therapy in HIV, focusing on its clinical implications for the management of anemia in this population. We discuss the mechanisms of erythropoietin action, the evidence supporting its use in HIV-related anemia, and the potential risks and benefits associated with erythropoietin therapy. Additionally, we explore alternative treatment strategies and discuss the importance of individualized management approaches in optimizing hematological outcomes in HIV-infected individuals. Keywords: hematological consequences, erythropoietin, HIV, anemia, treatment, clinical implications Introduction Hematological complications, particularly anemia, are prevalent among individuals living with HIV and represent a significant clinical concern. Anemia in HIV can result from multifactorial etiologies, including chronic inflammation, opportunistic infections, medication side effects, and comorbid conditions such as renal disease and malignancies. The presence of anemia not only diminishes the quality of life but also poses a challenge in the management of HIV infection,