Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 8, No. 12; 2016 ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 133 Anterior Segment Eye Assessment of Refractive Surgery Candidates in the Southeast of Iran Neda Nakhjavanpour 1 , Abolfazl Payandeh 1 , Majid Rajabi 2 & Vahid Shoja 2 1 Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2 Department of Optometry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Correspondence: Abolfazl Payandeh, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. E-mail: payandeh61@gmail.com Received: January 28, 2016 Accepted: March 27, 2016 Online Published: April 29, 2016 doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n12p133 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n12p133 Abstract Anterior segment eye parameters are essential factors in diagnosis, screening and management of abnormal ocular conditions. Based on the previous studies, they might differ from one race or population to another. Sistan-and-Baluchestan province, the southeast of Iran, has special weather conditions and race, plus lack of research on these diagnostic factors. Hence, the objective of the present study was to assess anterior segment parameters using pentacam in this area. 800 eyes of subjects which had been referred to the Al-Zahra eye hospital of Zahedan, the capital city of the province, for corneal refractive surgery from October 2014 to March 2015 participated in this research. 95% confidence limits for mean of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and volume were (536.02, 541.20), (3.13, 3.18) and (187.63, 192.58) respectively. Multiple linear regression models showed a lower mean central corneal thickness, and maximum/minimum of keratometry, for males than females, adjusting for age and spherical equivalent. Inversely, anterior chamber depth, and volume were more in males. In order to diagnosis and treating ocular diseases which have effect on retinal thickness, precisely specification of predictive factors is highly needed. Keywords: anterior segment eye, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, pentacam 1. Introduction The anterior segment eye parameters such as corneal central thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) are important in assessment of ocular disorders (Hashemi, Falavarjani, Aghai, Aghdam, & Gordiz, 2013). CCT is a substantial factor for corneal health evaluation in diagnosis, screening and management of abnormal ocular conditions (Al-Mezaine et al., 2007). Rapid advances in corneal refractive surgery for correcting refractive errors, have made CCT measurements a key factor during the pre-operative ophthalmic checkups of the patients (Fahd, Cherfan, Raad, Asouad, & Awwad, 2014; Karen, Ruth, Manny, Leslie, & Katherine, 2012). CCT values also help to determine the appropriate type of surgery which result in less post-operative complications (Pallikaris, Kymionis, & Astyrakakis, 2001; Binder et al., 2003). Anterior chamber parameters (ACD and ACV) are helpful for surgeons implanting phakic intra ocular lens (IOL) during the pre-operative examinations (Kent, 2005; Jain & Grewal, 2009). Another substantial reason behind the necessity of conducting this research is glaucoma. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world (WHO, 2004). Early detection and first actions are effective in lessening the progress of this disease (Channa, Mir, Shah, Ali, & Ahmad, 2009). Intra ocular pressure (IOP) alone is not sufficient to diagnosis glaucoma (Doughty & Zaman, 2000). CCT values is an important factor to consider when examination of glaucoma (Whitacre, Stein, & Hassanein, 1993; Ehlers, Bramsen, & Sperling, 1975; Channa et al., 2009). It has been confirmed that CCT affects IOP results. That is, for per 70µm CCT below or above the center of normal limits, 5mmHg error occurs in the measuring of IOP (Channa et al., 2009; Ehlers et al., 1975). Therefore, it is noteworthy to measure corneal thickness precisely and reliably. Many diagnostic imaging tools used for measuring the optical and anatomical properties of the anterior segment eye. One of the most reliable instruments to evaluate the corneal refractive features is Pentacam (Piñero,