INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 10, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2021 ISSN 2277-8616 1 IJSTR©2021 www.ijstr.org An Embedded Systems-Based Proximity Detector AndMonitoring DeviceFor Security Enhancement Michael Adebola, Stephen Ojo, Gabriel Oluleye Abstract:The article presents an optimal proximity detector and monitoring device based on embedded system principally designed to address the problem of insecurity in many parts of the world. The device architectural components were simulated using the Fritzing software and the Proteus design suite 8. The programming of the microcontroller was done in C programming language using the arduino integrated development environment (IDE). The system design uses an integrated network of an arduinouno microcontroller, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, Liquid crystal display (LCD), Light emitting diodes (LED‘s) and a GSM module for both detection and monitoring purposes, all enclosed in a customized plastic cas ing of dimension 17cm x 13.5cm x7.5cm. The design was tested using an oscilloscope and the output waveforms obtained agree closely with the expected theoretical results. The output result provides an inexpensive and multi-functional security system powered with a 7 Volt dc battery. Keywords:embedded, oscilloscope, waveforms, security, multifunctional, detector ———————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION A proximity detector and monitoring system is a security device capable of providing surveillance in real time within a specified location or area or a defined region of a space, thus the device provides a means of a detecting and monitoring one‘s environment [1-4]. This article is a carefully designed network and arrangement of electronic devices. The device uses an arduino microcontroller connected to an ultrasonic sensor, Liquid crystal display (LCD), buzzer, GSM module, and array of light emitting diode (LED) bulbs. Based on the input generated by the ultrasonic sensor, the microcontroller triggers the operation of other peripherals in alerting the user of a breach of danger within a specified location, area or region of space [5]. The transmitter of the ultrasonic sensor sends regular signal pulses within the region of space to be monitored on hitting an obstacle or target, the signal is reflected to another terminal of the sensor (echo). The encoded microcontroller using the time frame between signal transmission to reception is able calculate the distance of the object. When an object comes within the line of transmission of the sensor, some of the led bulbs turns on. As the object approaches further, more led light turns on [6- 8]. However, when the object or person reaches a threshold distance encoded in the microcontroller, the microcontroller activates the buzzer, the rest of the LEDs and the GSM module. The GSM module then sends a SMS message to the user, inform and alerting the user of a breach within the restricted zone [9-11]This work entails the design and construction of a proximity detector and monitoring device system. It incorporates an encoded arduino microcontroller networked with an ultrasonic sensor, buzzer, GSM module and an array of LED‘s [12-14]. The ultrasonic input to the microcontroller determines the action of the microcontroller, whether to trigger the buzzer or which and when the led bulb should come on, it also determines the time in which the microcontroller triggers the operation of the GSM module. The arduino microcontroller uses the C language for coding operations and thiswritten, debugged and transferred to the arduino microcontroller via are arduino Integrated Development Environment.In the existing literature in [15-16] developed a security system using passive infrared radial (PIR) sensor device integrated with a GSM module. The device can be used in commercial and residential buildings. The device also has rechargeable batteries which enables the continuous operation of the device during power outage. In cases of theft or burglary, the PIR sensor detects the presence of and the intruder by intercepting the body heat radiated from the body of the intruder, the interception of infrared signal triggers the microcontroller which in turn activates a siren , a GSM module, the GSM module then calls as well as send a SMS message to the user of the device informing the user of a breach in the protected zone. Similarly in [16] the development of PIR based security system was proposed to prevent un-authorized entry to a computer laboratory. The microcontroller in this case is integrated with an IP camera in addition to a GSM module and the PIR sensor. The device also works the same way except that this particular one does not use a siren and it also incorporates an IP camera for visual monitoring.Furthermore, on the implementation of security and monitoring devices, also in [17]which reported on a PIR based low cost motion detector security system. The device works utilizing a conventional PIR sensor device and a buzzer, both are connected to a microcontroller. An interrupt signal sent to the microprocessor by the PIR when it intercepts an infrared signal triggers the immediate operation of the buzzer [18- 20]. 2. METHODS AND DESIGN In this section, the design considerations of the resistors, ultrasonic sensors, LEDs, buzzers and GSM module are shown using mathematical analysis and data specifications. The design considerations are used to determine the values of the components selected for the construction of the device. Design considerations for the light emitting diodes (LEDs) and Arduino Uno microcontroller is discussed in this section. 2.1 Hardware Design Components The process of the successful design of the proximity and monitoring device involves the consideration of some LED functions which are heat dissipation, power and signal distribution, circuit support and protection [21-23]. The LED must be able to dissipate heat according to lighting standards, hence the material used in designing the semi- conductor juncture must have the ability to withstand the heat generated which in turn generates the radiated light. Heat is conducted to the surface of the LED via convection or radiation. The components used are stated as follows