Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2023, pp. 42-51 ISSN 2355-5068 ; e-ISSN 2622-4852 DOI: 10.33019/jurnalecotipe.v10i1.3704 42 Homepage : https://journal.ubb.ac.id/ecotipe Email : jurnalecotipe@ubb.ac.id ZigBee-Based Wireless Sensor Network Topology Design and Comparison in Residential Areas Muh. Aristo Indrajaya 1 , Rizana Fauzi 2 , Erwin Adrias 3 1,2,3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Tadulako University, 94118, Indonesia. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article historys: Received : 25/12/2022 Revised : 17/01/2023 Accepted : 19/04/2023 When designing a ZigBee-based wireless sensor network, choosing the right network topology is important, especially in networks with multiple nodes. Choosing the wrong topology will have an impact on the performance of the wireless sensor network as a whole because it will cause a large delay value. This research has the main objective to find the right type of topology that can be applied to densely populated residential areas with a large number of houses and a large area of land. This research will provide benefits for housing developers who want to implement a ZigBee- based wireless sensor network for various purposes in each unit in their residential area, such as recording electricity and water usage, security systems, and so on. This research will use three types of ZigBee topologies, namely star, tree, and mesh topologies. The housing used for the simulation in this study is Citraland Waterfront City Housing located in Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. By using simulation-based calculations using the Opnet Modeler 14.5 application, it is known that the star topology on the ZigBee network is suitable for application to residential areas with a large number of nodes and areas. This can be seen from the highest throughput and media access delay, end-to-end delay, number of hops, and the lowest packet drop value compared to the tree and mesh topologies. Keywords: End-To-End Delay, Hop Number, Media Access Delay, Opnet, Packet Dropped, Throughput, ZigBee Copyright © 2023. Published by Bangka Belitung University All rights reserved Corresponding Author: Muh. Aristo Indrajaya Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Tadulako University, 94118, Indonesia. Email: aristo90c@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION The application of wireless sensor networks, especially in residential areas, is currently experiencing rapid development, along with the increasing number of home features offered by developers. One of the smart home features owned by several housing estates which are starting to be implemented at this time, among others, is the electronic recording of electricity and water consumption. So far, the recording of the use of electricity and water is carried out by authorized officers. This is of course a waste of human resources amid very high demands for efficiency. Microcontroller-based electronic recording supported by wireless sensor networks can be recorded online. One type of device that is often used in wireless sensor networks is ZigBee. With ZigBee, all data belonging to the microcontroller can be sent directly to the server. ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4 standard for data transmission between commercial and consumer electronic devices [1,2,3]. ZigBee is made to operate on low-level personal networks and consumes less power [4,5]. Devices with ZigBee technology are frequently used as wireless sensors or to control other devices [6,7]. A feature of ZigBee allows it to control both its network and the flow of data on the network [8,9]. ZigBee also has the benefit of requiring little power, making it suitable for use as a wireless control system that only needs to be installed once [10,11,12]. ZigBee has the advantage of