Survey of Energy Efficient Leach Protocol in WSN Swati Gupta 1 and Gaurav Banga 2 1 Research Scholar, Master of Technology, ECE Department, GIMT, KKR, India E-mail: swaticorp60@gmail.com 2 Assistant Professor, ECE Department, GIMT, KKR, India E-mail: gauravbanga86@gmail.com Abstract—Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) contain of large number of sensor nodes, which sense and measure physical phenomena related parameters and broadcast the measured data towards the base station by making use of neighboring nodes acting as communicate nodes. In order to expand the lifetime of a WSN application, it is essential to distribute the energy degenerate among the nodes evenly in the network and improve the overall system, Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol as it has established to be energy efficient. It is one between the various protocols which are very efficient in transmitting data to the BS. In LEACH, many groups or clusters of nodes are created and the data is aggregated. Index Terms— WSN, Leach Protocol, Set up phase, Cluster. I. INTRODUCTION A sensor network generally consists of some tiny sensor nodes and a few powerful control nodes also called base stations or called as sink. Sensor nodes are usually thickly set up in a large area and communicate with each other in short distances through wireless communication. Though particular sensor nodes have limited number of resources, they are able to achieve valuable task of big volume when they work as a team member. Information gathered by and transmitted on a sensor network of wireless networks describes conditions of physical environments of the area where the sensor network is set up. Feng Zhao et al [3] present that sensor networks may interact with an IP network via a number of gateways. A gateway tracks the user queries or commands to appropriate nodes in a sensor network. It also directs or routes sensor data, sometimes aggregated and summarized, to users at user end who have requested it or expected to use the information. They presents that for optimization in performances and resources such as energy, we may need to reconstruct TCP/IP stack so that our needs and constraints are satisfied. Although different application demands a different set of tasks to be carried out during functioning of network, there are three basic types of tasks carry out those tasks in a sensor network: sensing, processing, and communication. Sensing task uses different types of sensors to capture different signals from the physical world of the network. All signals faces delay as they travel away from the source. A dense set up of sensors helps to avoid this delay and maintain the sensed signal. Each Individual sensor node is capable of lightweight processing. In sensor networks, processing often binds multiple sensor outputs from local neighbouring nodes. This is called as collaborative signal and data processing. Collaborative processing has the advantages that processing is more accurate and reliable, and only the aggregate of result needs to be sent to a user over the network. The sensor nodes works as a front end in a computing hierarchy and perform pre-processing for later stages [2]. WSN Grenze ID: 02.IETET.2016.5. 38 © Grenze Scientific Society, 2016 Proc. of Int. Conf. on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology, IETET