ISSN: 2633-4828 Vol. 4, No.3, December, 2022 International Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology Copyrights @ Roman Science Publications Inc. Vol.4, No.3, December, 2022 International Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology 20 Optimal Penetration of RES to the Network by PSO-based Microgrid-Controller I Made Wartana 1 , Ni Putu Agustini 2 1,2 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (ITN) Malang 65145, Indonesia, Date of Submission: 21 st October 2022 Revised: 24 th November 2022 Accepted: 02 nd December 2022 How to Cite: I Made Wartana, Ni Putu Agustini (2022). Optimal Penetration of RES to the Network by PSO-based Microgrid-Controller, International Journal of Applied Engineering and Technology 4(3), pp.20-25. Abstract - Penetration of renewable energy resources (RES) to the grid lacking a significant system redesign is one of the main issues that need to be studied. An effective technique for solving this problem is optimizing the penetration of these units into a microgrid, the gateway to emerging a smart grid. The paper investigates the consequence of microgrid integration into the grid to achieve safe maximum instantaneous RES penetration. The microgrid models include solar PV, energy storage, and wind energy (WE). The) wind energy type double-fed induction generator (DFIG) is integrated into the grid's dynamic model system by considering the automatic voltage regulator and the turbine governor. The maximum acceptable load on each bus is determined explicitly by the Algorithm. The artificial intelligence-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) method has been utilized in the controller to attain the optimal harmless rapid WE penetration limit. The results seem encouraging when examined on a modified IEEE 14-bus with a microgrid system. Index Terms - Microgrid, Penetration, Particle Swarm Optimization, Renewable Energy, Wind Turbine. INTRODUCTION To encourage decarburization, the need for renewable energy resource power plants (RES) in the electricity sector to meet community demands is inevitable. Wind energy and solar generation, among various RES, are projected to attain the most actual interconnection [1]. As the use of RES increases, the network has many instability problems. Undesirable system circumstances, in particular, loss of synchronization, voltage failure, load shedding, and significant voltage and frequency deviations, can accrue due to large-scale RES integration into the grid. The integration can also cause flicker and harmonics that cause high transmission and distribution line losses, overload, and increased power oscillations [2],[3]. Integrating RES land, represented as Distributed Generation (DG), into the most suitable bus into the grid is one solution for the evacuation and proper grid control strategy to obtain optimal RES penetration. The DFIG is a widely used type of wind turbine because it has many advantages [4] compared to other classes used in this work. Another type of DG is solar photovoltaic (PV)-based solar energy, which is versatile, easy to maintain, simple to install, and can be carried out close to the user's load point. Small critical installation loads primarily use a storage system, such as start-up and control. RES penetration into the grid is the ratio of RES energy to the grid in a given period to the total amount of power supplied to the grid from all sources [5]. Calculating the earlier factors has become a trade confidential of the electricity authority, and many rejections of RES are ongoing [6]. With the integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into the grid via power electronics converters, as in [7], the DG landscape is changing drastically. In addition to the integrated DG, it can increase the voltage profile of the distribution network; net power will flow upstream when the DG generates more power than the local demand [8]. This study suggests an algorithm that can optimize the integration of DG in the grid by maintaining all operational controls and constraints within the allowable restrict. The main problem with DG is integrating into the grid without requiring a significant system redesign. The demand for improved system reliability involves utilities connecting these generating sources to nearly the load [9]. An efficient method to solve this is integrating these units into the microgrid [10], the first step in developing a smart grid. Most studies in maximum wind energy penetration considering seasonal variations were conducted using stochastic analysis [11], supposing a constant wind absorption refusal factor. It has become a trade secret of the electricity authority by calculating the above factors despite the ongoing rejection of RES [6]. As a result of a paradigm shift from centralized to distributed power generation, the role of DG in the distribution network gets a more significant proportion. In PV systems, as in [7], the integration of power electronics converters is required to integrate DG into the grid. DG's landscape is changing drastically; wind energy and micro hydro turbines contribute to it. However, because DG sources are highly dependent on climate and geographic location, not all are stable or sustainable sources [12].