Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 2024; 96(1):12452 1 ORIGINAL PAPER symptoms, sexual and psychosocial disturbances (1). The importance of recognizing the psychological impact of CP/CPPS has been taken into primary consideration by the UPOINT phenotyping and therapeutic algorithm (2), which rates a specific “Psychosocial” domain in the frame of the work-up of chronic prostatitis (CP) patients. It is sug- gested to use self-administered questionnaires to assess depression and anxiety and to measure negative thoughts associated with pain. The implementation of the UPOINT system with the eval- uation of a sexual domain (“S”) has further extended the evaluation of patients with CP/CPPS who frequently pres- ent with significant rates of erectile and orgasmic dys- function (3). The aim of this study was an in-depth assessment of the complex correlations between somatic, psychological, and sexual disorders in CP/CPPS patients. METHODS Study design and endpoints We performed a cross-sectional study on a cohort of patients with CP-CP/CPPS, consecutively enrolled among patients attending two outpatient clinics. The study was ethically approved by the local Ethics Committee of Tzaneio Hospital (protocol 8295/05-05-2022) and complied with the requirements of the Helsinki declaration. The primary endpoint of the study was the association between the total and subdomain scores (pain, voiding symptoms, quality of life) of the National Institute of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) (4), and the total score of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a self-administered tool focusing on the pres- ence and severity of depression (5). Secondary endpoints of the study included the assessment of an association between the scores (i) of the NIH-CPSI questionnaire, (ii) of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) (6), (iii) of the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) (7), and (iv) of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) (8) (inde- pendent variables), and the scores of the following psycho- social tests: (i) the PHQ-9 questionnaire (5), (ii) the Purpose: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is characterized by a multiform clinical presentation requiring a differentiated treatment based on different phenotypes including the psychoso- cial and sexual domains. The aim of this study was assessing the complex correlations between somatic, psychological, and sexual symptoms of CP/CPPS patients. Materials and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on patients attending a Prostatitis Clinic. Patients were adminis- tered the following questionnaires: National Institutes of Health- Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results: Linear regression analyses show highly significant cor- relations between scores of the NIH-CPSI and the scores of the GAD-7, PHQ-9 and OHQ psychometric questionnaires. IPSS scores correlate significantly with the psychometric scores only when a non-parametric analysis is performed. IIEF and PEDT sexual function scores did not correlate with any of the psycho- metric tests. NIH-CPSI scores correlate positively with most of the TEMPS-A profiles but the hyperthymic profile correlated negatively with the total and QoL NIH-CPSI and with PEDT scores. Conclusions: Scores measuring anxiety, depression, and psycho- logical well-being in patients with CP/CPPS are strictly correlat- ed with prostatitis-like symptoms although they are poorly cor- related with symptoms of prostatism, as measured by IPSS, and not correlated with scores of sexual dysfunctions, as measured by IIEF and PEDT. A hyperthymic temperament may tempera- ment may increase resilience against the disease. KEY WORDS: Chronic prostatitis; chronic pelvic pain syndrome; Depression; Anxiety; Affective temperaments. Submitted 3 March 2024; Accepted 7 march 2024 INTRODUCTION Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common clinical condition presenting with a variety of signs and symptoms including chronic pain, voiding Psychological and sexological assessment of patients with chronic prostatitis Konstantinos Stamatiou 1 , Vittorio Magri 2 , Margherita Trinchieri 3 , Alberto Trinchieri 4 , Gianpaolo Perletti 5 on behalf of Mediterranean study group for prostatitis and prostatic diseases 1 Department of Urology, Tzaneio Hospital, Pireus, Greece; 2 Urology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy; 3 Psichiatry Unit, ASST Rhodense, G. Salvini Hospital, Garbagnate (Milan), Italy; 4 School of Urology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 5 Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Section of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12452 Summary