Physica A 183(1992) 563-573 ~ 1 [~
North-Holland
Renormalization group study
of the two-dimensional Ising model
with crossing bonds
J.A. Plascak
Departamento de Fisica- ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, C.P. 702,
30161 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Received 17 July 1991
The simple quadratic Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions is
investigated by means of the mean field renormalization group approach. By conveniently
choosing the size of the blocks one obtains the expected phase diagram exhibiting ferromag-
netic, antiferromagnetic, paramagnetic and superantiferromagnetic phases. The critical lines
which separate the paramagnetic phase from the ordered ones have the expected asymptotic
behavior for large values of the nearest-neighbor coupling.
I. Introduction
The reduced Hamiltonian of the two-dimensional Ising model with crossing
bonds can be written as
H = K~ ~ o-~o-j + K 2 ~'~ o-~o-j, o-~ = ---1, (1)
(nn) (nnn)
where a factor -/3 = -1/kT is included in the Hamiltonian and in K 1 and K:.
The sums run over nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor pairs of spins, respec-
tively. Although being a simple generalization of the square Ising model, it has
not been solved exactly and the Onsager's solution [1] applies only to the case
K 2 = 0 and to the case K 1 =0, when one has two decoupled square Ising
models. However, this model has been investigated by several methods
including mean field theory [2], series expansion [3, 4], renormalization group
[5], Monte Carlo [6, 7], Monte Carlo renormalization [8], finite-size scaling [9,
10], and interface method [11], among others. It has been shown that the phase
diagram in the (K1, K2) plane is symmetric for K~--~-K~ and presents
ferromagnetic (F), antiferromagnetic (AF), superantiferromagnetic (SAF) and
paramagnetic (P) phases. The renormalization group procedure [5] suggests
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