New lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Osmylidae, Nymphidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber and Crato Formation in Brazil Justine Myskowiak a, ** , Diying Huang b , Dany Azar b, c , Chenyang Cai b , Romain Garrouste d , Andr  e Nel d, * a R esidence Croix du Sud, Rue Henri de Montherlant, F-33400 Talence, France b State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China c Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Biology, Fanar Matn, P.O. Box 26110217, Lebanon d Mus eum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Syst ematique, Evolution, Biodiversit e, ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS UPMC EPHE, CP50, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France article info Article history: Received 27 August 2015 Received in revised form 25 October 2015 Accepted in revised form 31 October 2015 Available online 1 December 2015 Keywords: Insecta Phylogeny Paleodiversity Amber Myanmar Brazil abstract One new osmylid genus and species, Burmaleon magnificus, and one new nymphid genus and species Rafaelnymphes cratoensis are described, respectively based on inclusions in the Cretaceous Burmese amber and on a compression fossil from the Crato Formation in Brazil. The nymphid Araripenymphes seldeni, from the Crato Formation, is redescribed on the basis of a new specimen, showing possible sexual dimorphism in wing coloration, a feature extremely rare among the Neuroptera. In a recently published phylogenetic analysis of the family, the attribution to the fossil taxa (versus rejection) of the larval characters proper to the modern nymphids, has a crucial impact on the resolution of the phylogeny. The compression fossils currently attributed to the Nymphidae should be revised because their wing vena- tion alone is not really sufficient for an accurate family attribution to Nymphidae rather than to another family of Neuroptera (viz. Osmylidae). © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Nymphidae are a small family of neuropterans characterized by a medially divided arolium (split-footed lacewings). The family is considered one of the clades of Myrmeleontiformia, sister to a group comprising at least Myrmeleontidae and Ascalaphidae (Asp€ ock et al., 2001, 2012; Asp€ ock, 2002; Engel and Grimaldi, 2008; Beutel et al., 2010a,b; Yan et al., 2014), but also the Nemopteridae for some authors (New, 1984; Oswald, 1998; Winterton et al., 2010). The Psychopsidae are also generally considered as the sister group of a clade that comprises all these families, although some authors place them rather far from the clade (Nymphidae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae) (Yan et al., 2014). Nymphids are rare in amber. Elenchonymphes electrica Engel et Grimaldi, 2008 is currently the unique representative of this fam- ily in the Burmese amber. The split-footed lacewings are relatively more frequent as compression fossils in the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil, with four recorded species (Menon et al., 2005; Martins-Neto, 2005). The wing venations of the Nymphidae and Osmylidae show strong similarities, rendering the attribution of the fossils quite delicate. Shi et al. (2015) proposed a phylogenetic analysis of the Nymphidae, modern and fossils, attributing the larval characters of the modern taxa to the fossil ones while these are known only by adult specimens. So we re-analysed herein these data to verify these results. We described a new osmylid genus and species from the Crato Formation plus a new specimen attributable to Araripenymphes seldeni Menon et al., 2005. 2. Material and method The Burmese specimens are preserved in two pieces of relatively clear, yellow amber. Amber piece HUANG-BP-B-4220 is 5.2 cm long and 3.4 cm wide while, and amber piece HUANG-NIGP163028 is 2.2 cm long and 1.6 cm wide. The amber pieces were ground and * Corresponding author. ** Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: justine.myskowiak@gmail.com (J. Myskowiak), dyhuang@ nigpas.ac.cn (D. Huang), azar@mnhn.fr (D. Azar), caichenyang1988@163.com (C. Cai), garroust@mnhn.fr (R. Garrouste), anel@mnhn.fr (A. Nel). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.029 0195-6671/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Cretaceous Research 59 (2016) 214e227