Citation: Kazimierska, K.; Biel, W.
Chemical Composition and
Functional Properties of Spray-Dried
Animal Plasma and Its Contributions
to Livestock and Pet Health:
A Review. Animals 2023, 13, 2484.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
ani13152484
Academic Editor: Ilias Giannenas
Received: 15 June 2023
Revised: 28 July 2023
Accepted: 31 July 2023
Published: 1 August 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
animals
Review
Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of
Spray-Dried Animal Plasma and Its Contributions to Livestock
and Pet Health: A Review
Katarzyna Kazimierska and Wioletta Biel *
Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian
University of Technology in Szczecin, 29 Klemensa Janickiego, 71270 Szczecin, Poland;
katarzyna.kazimierska@zut.edu.pl
* Correspondence: wioletta.biel@zut.edu.pl
Simple Summary: In recent years, the livestock industry has faced challenges related to economic
issues, environmental concerns, and climate change. To address these challenges, researchers are
exploring new feed and feeding practices. One such approach is the utilization of spray-dried animal
plasma (SDAP), which is derived from collected animal blood and processed using spray drying
to preserve its functional properties. It contains essential nutrients, immune-boosting substances,
and growth factors. It has been shown to improve growth, intestinal development, and health in
weaning piglets, as well as enhancing growth and disease resistance in poultry. SDAP is also used
in pet nutrition, contributing to improved pet food texture, digestion, and reduced fecal output.
However, there are limitations, including cost and safety concerns. This review aims to provide
an overview of the chemical composition of SDAP from different animal species and its role in
promoting performance and health benefits for farm animals, aquaculture, and pets.
Abstract: Spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) is a functional ingredient derived from healthy animal
blood, used as a nutritional additive in livestock and pet nutrition. SDAP is rich in macronutri-
ents, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds such as immunoglobulins, albumin, growth factors,
peptides, transferrin, and enzymes. This review focuses on the chemical composition of SDAP
from porcine, bovine, and poultry sources, including protein quality and mineral profile. SDAP
enhances performance and health in monogastric farm animals, aquaculture, and pets. It promotes
growth rates and feed intake due to its high digestibility and superior amino acid profile compared
to other protein sources. In pigs, SDAP’s positive effects stem from tissue-specific actions in the
gastrointestinal tract, impacting digestion, immunity, and barrier function. For poultry, SDAP shows
promise as a substitute for antibiotic growth promoters, particularly in chick starter diets. SDAP
contains functional proteins that regulate immune response, enhance intestinal health, and aid in
stress conditions. It is also used as a binder in pet food, providing high protein content and other
desirable properties. SDAP meets the dietary requirements of carnivorous pets, appealing to owners
seeking animal-derived protein sources. Additionally, SDAP may help prevent cognitive impairment
in senior dogs and cats.
Keywords: amino acids; aquaculture; blood products; domestic animals; feed additives; pet food
1. Introduction
In recent decades, notable advancements have been made in modern livestock farming,
particularly in the realm of feed and feeding practices. However, the convergence of present
global economic issues, the ongoing reputational crisis surrounding livestock production,
the hurdles posed by climate change, and the associated emissions and resource limitations
linked to this industry have engendered significant challenges [1,2]. These challenges
necessitate innovative solutions in the agricultural and feed industry sectors, particularly
Animals 2023, 13, 2484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152484 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals