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2721 Board #244 June 3, 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM
The Influence of Time Segments on Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity During Youth Sport Practices
Chelsey R. Schlechter, Richard R. Rosenkranz, FACSM, Justin M. Guagliano, David A. Dzewaltowski. Kansas State University, Manhattan,
KS.
(No relationships reported)
Youth sport (YS) contributes substantially to daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but the majority of practice time is spent in a lower intensity. Depending on
how coaches structure practice, MVPA is likely to vary greatly. However, only rudimentary empirical evidence exists examining the influence of YS practice structure on
MVPA.
PURPOSE: To determine the influence of practice time segments on children’s MVPA during YS practice.
METHODS: Twenty-eight practices from 14 recreation flag football teams (2 practices/team) were video recorded. For the duration of each practice, participants (boys,
N=111, 5-11 yr, mean 7.9 ± 1.2 yr) wore an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer. Using event logging software (Observer XT), 2 independent raters observed and divided YS
practice videos into naturally occurring time segments (N=214) according to the task context. Each time segment was then categorized by task context and participant
demand. Mutually exclusive categorizations for task context included: warm-up (WU), fitness (FIT), free play (FP), game play (GP), scrimmage (SCR), skill drill (SKD), or
strategy (STR). Each segment was coded as demanding participation (e.g., all participants involved) or fostering elimination (e.g., use of elimination game, standing in line).
Percent agreement between raters was 94%. Accelerometer data were analyzed using Evenson’s cut-points and paired with observation data.
RESULTS: Practice time averaged (±SD) 61 ± 8.6 min and participants spent 34 ± 2.4 percent of time (%time) in MVPA overall. Mixed random effect models indicated
significantly greater (P <0.001) %time was spent in MVPA during FP (54.2 ± 4.7%), GP (53.5 ± 3.7%), and WU (53.1 ± 3.2%) compared to FIT (31.8 ± 4.4%). Significantly
greater (P <0.001) %time was spent in MVPA during FP compared to SCR (28.5 ± 4.3%), STR (30.3 ± 2.6%), and SKD (31.4 ± 2.5%). Compared to STR and SKD, a greater
was spent in MVPA during GP (P <0.001). Significantly greater (P <0.001) %time was spent in MVPA during segments with participant demand (35.5 ± 2.2%) compared to
elimination (28.9 ± 2.7%).
CONCLUSION: The percent of time children were engaged in MVPA during practice differed depending on the task context and participant demand. Restructuring YS
practice routine tasks and participant demand could increase percent of time spent in MVPA.
2722 Board #245 June 3, 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM
Youth who are Obese Sustain Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Intensity during Active Video Games
Jillian L. Hawkins, Margaret O’Neil. Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
(No relationships reported)
Nearly one third of American youth are overweight or obese. Many (75%) do not meet the recommended levels for daily physical activity (PA). Based on previous active video
game (AVG) research, it is unclear if youth who are obese can achieve moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for an extended period of time while playing AVG.
PURPOSE: To determine if youth who are obese can reach and sustain MVPA during an AVG protocol.
METHODS: Six youth (mean (SD) = 11.3 (0.4) years old; 83% male; 100% African-American) participated in the study, however data analysis was performed on 5 subjects
due to missing rest data. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight) were collected. The AVG protocol included a 5-minute warm-up phase (40-60% of heart rate
maximum (HRmax)), a 25-minute conditioning phase (60-80% HRmax), and a 5-minute cool down phase. During the AVG protocol, youth wore a portable indirect calorimetry
unit (chest harness, heart rate monitor, data unit, face mask) to measure oxygen consumption (VO
2
) and HR. Descriptive statistics were generated to determine if participants
were in the target HR zone. One-way repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to determine differences in HR and VO
2
across protocol phases, (rest, warm-up,
conditioning, and cool-down).
RESULTS: Results suggest that participants reached and sustained 25 minutes of MVPA during the conditioning phase (mean(SD) HR (bpm) = 148(15); mean(SD) VO
2
(ml/kg/min) = 13.6 (4.1)). Findings on the repeated measures ANOVA for HR indicate a significant main effect (F (3,12) = 15.45, p< 0.001). Post hoc pairwise comparisons
indicate that HR is significantly lower in the resting phase compared to conditioning (p = 0.036) and cool-down (p = 0.003) phases. Findings from the repeated measures
ANOVA for VO
2
indicate a significant main effect (F (3,12) = 16.140, p < 0.001). Post hoc pairwise comparisons indicate that VO
2
during the resting phase is significantly lower
than conditioning (p= 0.005) and cool-down (p= 0.046) phases.
CONCLUSION: Youth sustained MVPA during conditioning exhibiting significant differences in HR and VO
2
across phases. AVG may be a promising exercise intervention to
increase PA in youth who are obese. Future protocol revision includes a longer conditioning and cool-down phase to increase time in MVPA and allow time to re-establish
baseline HR.
2723 Board #246 June 3, 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM
The Role of Nutrition Education in the Implementation of the Presidential Youth Fitness Program
Darla M. Castelli
1
, Jungyun Hwang
1
, Jeanna M. Barcelona
1
, Yen T. Chen
1
, Jessica Duncan Cance
1
, Seraphine Pitt Barnes
2
, Jane Wargo
3
.
1
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
2
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
3
Presidential Youth Fitness Program, Washington, DC.
Email: dcastelli@utexas.edu
(No relationships reported)
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the provision of nutrition education in schools and the degree of implementation of the
Presidential Youth Fitness Program (PYFP). Secondarily, the influence of free and reduced priced lunch was considered.
METHODS: Year two implementation data extracted from schools’ PYFPfunding application and PYFP Index of 284 schools were used for analysis. PYFP implementation
was operationalized as a categorical variable (non-implementer, partial implementer, full implementer) based on: 1) mean knowledge score from teachers’ virtual professional
development, 2) a summed score of organizational supports at the school, 3) administration of the FitnessGram®, and 3) distribution of PYFP student awards. Teachers within
each school answered two questions regarding whether the school provided nutrition education to students (range of 0=not in place to 3=fully in place). A multinomial logistic
regression model in SPSS was fit to determine the association between the provision of nutrition education and PYFP implementation, controlling for school enrollment and
proportion of students receiving free or reduced priced lunch.
RESULTS: The multinomial regression model had a good fit to the data [χ
2
(6, n = 284) = 121.36, P < 0.001]. The provision of nutrition education was significantly associated
with the level of PYFP implementation. The relative probability of being considered a partial implementer school compared with a non-implementer school was three times
higher for every one-unit increase in the provision of nutrition education [Exp(B)=3.187, SE=0.228, P<0.001]. The relative probability of being considered a full implementer
school compared with a non-implementer school was thirteen times higher for every one-unit increase in the provision of nutrition education [Exp(B)=13.326, SE=0.30,
P<0.001].
DISCUSSION: Nutrition education is significantly associated with an increased probability of achieving a higher degree of PYFP implementation. These findings suggest,
schools that provide nutrition education such as having students assess nutritional intake and set corresponding goals are better positioned to implement the PYFP.
Copyright © 2016 by the American College of Sports Medicine. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.