ISSN: 2410-9649 Nasir et al / Chemistry International 7(4) (2021) 224-229 iscientic.org.
224
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Article type:
Research article
Article history:
Received March 2021
Accepted August 2021
October 2021 Issue
Keywords:
Aflatoxins
Dry fruits
Food safety
Fungal growth
ELISA
The present research work is being executed on account of detection of aflatoxins
B1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 in dry fruits. Total 50 samples of dry fruits including
dried figs, dried apricots, peanuts, almonds and dried dates were collected from
different areas of Punjab, Pakistan and were analyzed for aflatoxin detection (AFs)
by enzyme linked immunoassay technique (ELISA). The results showed that AFs
were detected in 33% (n = 17) samples having range from 2.8-14 μg/kg in dry
fruits, with an average limit 9.12 μg/kg. In 59% (n=10) samples of dried fruits the
AFs limit was above the maximum limits, i.e., ML = 10 μg/kg as given by European
Union (EU). Moreover, 41% (n=7) of the total detected samples having AFs limits
below the maximum limit of aflatoxins as purposed by the EU. It is hereby
concluded that the need is to launch an uninterrupted and rigid national
supervising architectural plan in order to raise the standard and safety of dry fruits
for human consumption.
© 2021 International Scientific Organization: All rights reserved.
Capsule Summary: The aflatoxins (B1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) were monitored in dry fruits by ELISA and AFTs levels detected
in fruits revealed contamination, which need to be monitored regular for human consumption.
Cite This Article As: A. Nazir, M. Asif, I. Kalim, N. Ahmad and M. Iqbal. Quantification of aflatoxins in dry fruits using ELISA with
reference to standards for human consumption. Chemistry International 7(4) (2021) 224-229.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6801794
INTRODUCTION
Aflatoxin is a standout amongst the most lethal moieties found
in nature that can be harmful to people and different creatures
(Gratz et al., 2007). These are considered as carcinogenic,
hepatogenic, mutagenic, immunosuppressing and neoplastic
(Varga et al., 2011a). Aflatoxin is considered as cancer-causing
agent (Humans, 2002) indicated by International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC). Different kinds of staple food
items which may had the chance of getting contamination with
aflatoxin including oilseed, spices (chilies, black pepper)
cereal, tree nut, maize, groundnut (peanut, pistachio, fig, dried
fruits), cheese, milk and dairy goods. Contamination of food
items due to aflatoxin is a great concern regarding food quality
and security (Hassan et al., 2017a; Iqbal, M et al., 2019;
Kamran et al., 2018).
Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites, are produced by
fungus during chemical or enzymatic reactions and largely
affects human beings, animals and plants (Binder et al. 2007).
Owing to mycotoxins contamination huge amount of crop
spoils per year (Jubeen et al., 2020). Unfortunately, Pakistan is
present in the temperate region which is most favorable
growth of AFs producing fungi. IARC ranked AFs as 1A class
human carcinogen (Cancer, 2002). AFs are formed by a
specific genus of molds named Aspergillus (Gerbaldo et al.,
Chemistry International 7(4) (2021) 224-229
Quantification of aflatoxins in dry fruits using ELISA with reference to standards
for human consumption
Arif Nazir
1*
, Muhammad Asif
1
, Imran Kalim
2
, Naveed Ahmad
3
and Munawar Iqbal
1
1
Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Complex Laboratories, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
*Corresponding E. mail: anmalik77@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT