Improving Charging Time of Li-Ion Batteries Using Non-Linear Controller Najam Ul Saqib Ahmed Tariq, Kamran Zeb, Mohsin Kamal, Sadiq Amin and Muhammad Umair Ali Abstract—Among lead acid, nickel-cadmium and other tech- nologies, Lithium-ion batteries are the most popular type because of their superior performance evidenced by very high energy and power density, a long lifecycle, low discharge rates, high reliability, no toxicity and exceptional efficiency. Nevertheless, time spent on charging Li-ion batteries while the charge lasts is the single biggest obstacles to the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper presents a new fast-charging implementation called fuzzy logic fast charging, for Li-ion batteries which is capable of monitoring and controlling the charging currents when the batteries are being charged, in real-time. The method suggested also includes measures like overvoltage protection and temperature regulation signals. Extended testing confirmed a 23.33 % shorter charging duration compared with the previous current technology. The consequent implementation of this ap- proach is supported by Arduino and MATLAB Simulink at real- time renewable energy for charging mobile phones and laptops amongst other uses, and looks quite empowering in the large- scale deployment of EVs. The paper discusses the challenge of prolonged charge timing and presents a developed quick charging technique that increases the charging rate of Li-ion batteries but is not related to a reduction in efficiency or capacity. Index Terms—Li-ion batteries, fast-charging methodology, fuzzy logic, temperature control, overvoltage protection, real- time implementation, charging efficiency, electric vehicles, rapid charging, Matlab Simulink, Arduino I. I NTRODUCTION The mass diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) as a sus- tainable transport solution has been greatly facilitated by the use of Li-ion battery integration in the vehicle by Kim [1]. Li-ion batteries have been the main source of power for modern EVs [2]. However, despite numerous pros, the long charging time still limits the practical use of EVs and their smooth implementation in modern life. Being aware that the rechargeable battery lasts depending on what time it is charged for and how well the charging and the overcharging control measures perform, this paper aims to find a solution to this problematic prolonging of charging times for lithium batteries. The existing techniques in charging Li-ion batteries include constant charging under the current (CC) and constant current and constant voltage (CC-CV) modes, multi-stage and five stages Li-ion battery charging methodologies by Liu [3]. However, the conventional CC-CV method still comes with some limitations which include charging time elongation and, the likelihood of the speeds of batteries wearing out and a decreased life cycle. That’s it, that means there is a need to investigate solutions that speed up charging time but also maintain the balance between efficient use and battery’s life cycle. The intrinsic characteristics of Li-ion batteries introduce an additional question in designing an appropriate charging algorithm, i.e., nonlinearity behaviour. Landing the core working principles which allow the battery to be charged is our top priority and this will help to minimize the extensive charging time of the traditional batteries and it will lead to the enhancement of the overall battery life. It is this paper, the discussion of which lies in developing such techniques that are aimed at turning the Li-ion battery charging into something new. The main purpose of the conducted evaluation is to find a sensible compromise between fast charging and the long- term life of batteries with the use of non-linear controllers. As a result, EV penetration will be quicker and in the absence of any other obstacles, Li-ion will find many applications. This paper seeks to introduce novel achievements in the Li-ion battery charging field through a thorough mathematical model analysis, charging protocol application, and next-generation of control strategies integration. That way we could reach a point where improved sustainability and cost-effectiveness of electric mobility are achievable features rather than just dreams. The rising rise of EVs with Li-ion batteries as a power source has led to critical issues regarding an efficient charger option. The high energy density, as well as the cycle life of the Li-ion battery, offer the solution for the EVs charging and thus their smooth integration into the daily lifestyle. On the other hand, the charging durations still remain the factor which hampers effective EV utilization. Traditional charging methods, often juxtaposed by CC-CV, include many disad- vantages. The major ones are that these techniques prolong charging time and at the same time may affect the lifespan of the battery. The solution of these problems is a non-linear regulator that may vary charging current dynamically to each particular cell in the Li-ion battery. The non-linear controller must possess the ability to evaluate the fundamental battery attributes e.g. the voltage, temperature, and current, the cut-off mechanisms, and temperature, to reduce the danger of battery degradation when fast charging is involved. The approach is geared toward promoting a charging model that best balances the charging speed and the battery health, to develop a system suitable for use in sustainable and efficient charging of electric vehicles. The objective of our work is to explore the impacts of modifying the parameters of various charge methods that exist to obtain the best practice and to take the capability of non- linear controllers to respond to inherent non-linearities existing in the behaviour of Li-ion batteries into account. Through the conduct of the experiments, this work will contribute greatly to the improvement of the charging technologies that will, in turn, pave the way for EV adoption and the increase in the usage of Li-ion batteries in different fields. To address