186
ISSN 1063-7850, Technical Physics Letters, 2016, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 186–190. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016.
Original Russian Text © A.A. Baranov, S.V. Ermak, E.A. Sagitov, R.V. Smolin, V.V. Semenov, 2016, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 2016, Vol. 42, No. 4,
pp. 38–45.
Signal Correlation in the Tandem of a Spin Oscillator
and Microwave Frequency Discriminator
with Laser-Pumped Alkali Atoms
A. A. Baranov, S. V. Ermak, E. A. Sagitov, R. V. Smolin, and V. V. Semenov*
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
*e-mail: vladimir_semenov@mail.ru
Received September 16, 2015
Abstract—We have studied the influence of low-frequency noise on the stability of resonance frequency of a
self-oscillating magnetometer on
87
Rb vapor with simultaneous monitoring of the signal of radio-optical res-
onance on the magnetic-field-dependent microwave transition under laser pumping at the D
2
line of the head
doublet. The difference of synchronous records of detected signals reduced to the same scale in magnetic field
units was processed to determine the Allan variance as a function of the averaging time. The correlation coef-
ficient characterizing the coupling of detected signals determined by the pumping rate and intensity of radio
fields generated in the region of the absorption chamber. The self-oscillating magnetometer can only operate
provided that there is laser tuning to the long-wavelength component of the electric-dipole transition.
DOI: 10.1134/S1063785016020218
Long-term stability of the frequency of optically
pumped alkali-vapor quantum discriminators used for
the creation of magnetometers and frequency stan-
dards is known to be determined by technical (flicker)
noise related to slow variations of device parameters
such as the temperature of the absorption chamber,
the pressure of alkali metal vapor, and the intensity
and spectral composition of pumping radiation. Anal-
ysis of the influence of these variations on the fre-
quency stability of a self-oscillating device [1] shows
that its nonstationary technical linewidth is deter-
mined by the intensity of flicker noises of various ori-
gins and is inversely proportional to the frequency of
self-sustained oscillations. The integral influence of
these noises on the self-oscillating device frequency
dynamics does not allow the destabilizing effects of
separate flicker-noise components to be determined,
which hinders the search for ways to improve the
metrological characteristics of a measuring module.
Nevertheless, the experience gained in the develop-
ment of optically pumped quantum self-oscillating
devices suggests that the main destabilizing factor is
related to so-called light-induced frequency shifts
caused by nonresonant components in the spectrum
of pumping radiation.
In application to alkali metal vapors under condi-
tions of their optical orientation by circularly polarized
radiation, the light-induced frequency shift consists of
three components [2]:
(i) scalar shift Δν
0
, which is the same for all mag-
netic sublevels F or F* of the hyperfine structure;
(ii) vector shift Δν
V
caused by the effective mag-
netic field induced in the medium by circularly polar-
ized pumping radiation (this phenomenon is also
known as the Faraday effect); and
(iii) tensor shift Δν
T
related to the alignment of
atoms in the ground state, which is dependent on mag-
netic quantum number m
F
.
Depending on the sign of the circular polarization
of pumping light (i.e., the direction of effective mag-
netic field), the scalar and vector components of the
light-induced shift will be either added or subtracted,
which makes possible their mutual compensation and
allows the effect of the pumping source on the fre-
quency stability of a quantum discriminator to be sig-
nificantly decreased.
This Letter presents the results of an investigation
of the influence of low-frequency noise on the stabil-
ity of resonance frequency of a self-oscillating magne-
tometer with simultaneous monitoring of the signal of
radio-optical resonance on the magnetic-field-depen-
dent microwave transition. In this tandem, it is possi-
ble to determine contributions to variations of the
observed signal frequency related, on one hand, to
variation of the working magnetic field and, on the
other hand, to light-induced shifts of resonance fre-
quencies of the magnetometer and microwave source.
The pumping radiation source was an external-cav-
ity laser of DL-100-L type (Toptica) tuned to the D
2
line of the head doublet of
87
Rb atoms. This choice
was based on a negligibly small contribution of the