Citation: Razzaq, W.; Zafar, A.;
Alsharidi, A.K.; Alomair, M.A. New
Three Wave and Periodic Solutions
for the Nonlinear (2+1)-Dimensional
Burgers Equations. Symmetry 2023,
15, 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/
sym15081573
Academic Editors: Calogero Vetro,
Evren Hınçal, Kamyar Hosseini and
Mohammad Mirzazadeh
Received: 15 June 2023
Revised: 2 August 2023
Accepted: 4 August 2023
Published: 12 August 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
symmetry
S S
Article
New Three Wave and Periodic Solutions for the Nonlinear
(2+1)-Dimensional Burgers Equations
Waseem Razzaq
1,2,
* , Asim Zafar
1
, Abdulaziz Khalid Alsharidi
3
and Mohammed Ahmed Alomair
4
1
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan;
asimzafar@cuivehari.edu.pk
2
Math Center, Rahmanyia Colony, Vehari 61120, Pakistan
3
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, King Faisal University,
Al-Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia; akalsharidi@kfu.edu.sa
4
Department of Quantitative Methods, School of Business, King Faisal University,
Al-Hasa 31982, Saudi Arabia; ma.alomair@kfu.edu.sa
* Correspondence: mathcentr@gmail.com
Abstract: This research paper is about the new three wave, periodic wave and other analytical wave
solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Burgers equations by utilizing Hirota bilinear and extended sinh-
Gordon equation expansion (EShGEE) schemes. Achieved solutions are verified and demonstrated
by different plots with the use of Mathematica 11.01 software. Some of the achieved solutions are
also described graphically by two-dimensional, three-dimensional and contour plots. The gained
solutions are helpful for the future study of concerned models. Finally, these two schemes are simple,
fruitful and reliable to handle the nonlinear PDEs.
Keywords: (2+1)-dimensional Burgers equations; Hirota bilinear scheme; extended sinh-Gordon
equation expansion scheme; new three wave; new periodic wave; analytical wave solutions
1. Introduction
Symmetry is used in real life to simplify calculations and solve problems more eas-
ily. Symmetry also offers human beings an additional extension to their capabilities.
Applications of symmetry are determining the orbital overlap for molecular orbital, un-
derstanding the spectroscopic properties of molecules and identifying chiral molecular
species, etc. Symmetry is a frequently recurring theme in mathematics, nature, science, etc.
In mathematics, its most familiar manifestation appears in geometry [1,2].
The nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) arise in various types of physical
problems such as fluid dynamics, plasma physics, quantum field theory, etc.
The system of nonlinear partial differential Equations has been observed in chemical,
biological, engineering and other areas of applied sciences. A lot of research has been
performed in these areas to find the numerical and analytical results of NLPDEs. Vari-
ous schemes have been developed for this purpose. For example, the auxiliary rational
method [3], Kudryashov technique [4], two variable (G
′
/G,1/G)-expansion technique [5],
mapping method [6], generalized auxiliary equation method [7], modified F-expansion
technique [8], unified method [9], modified extended tanh expansion method [10], modi-
fied simplest equation technique [11], extended Jacobi elliptic function scheme [12], He’s
semi-inverse and Riccati equation mapping schemes [13], the tanh-coth technique [14],
exp(−ϕ(μ))-expansion scheme [15], etc.
Except for these schemes, there are two other simple, useful, and significant schemes:
the Hirota bilinear scheme and the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion scheme.
The Hirota bilinear method can be used to search for new integrable evolution equations.
Solutions obtained through the Hirota bilinear method have distinct structures, but all of
them have emerged under the banner of the same scheme. This scheme solves solutions
Symmetry 2023, 15, 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15081573 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/symmetry