Research Article
LandImprovementSolutions:AfforestationandPlantingFruit
TreesandShort-TermCropsafterMineClosureinLuongSon
District,HoaBinhProvince,Vietnam
HaiX.Nguyen ,HongT.Tran,HaT.T.Pham,AnhV.T.Pham,TrangT.Phan ,
andHoN.Pham
Research Center for Environmental Monitoring and Modeling (CEMM), University of Science, Vietnam National University,
Hanoi, Vietnam
Correspondence should be addressed to Ho N. Pham; hopn2008@yahoo.com.vn
Received 22 November 2019; Revised 4 March 2020; Accepted 25 March 2020; Published 8 May 2020
Academic Editor: Amaresh K. Nayak
Copyright©2020HaiX.Nguyenetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Luong Son is a district to the east gateway of Hoa Binh province, adjacent to Hanoi the capital and the northwest of Vietnam.
Against the background of the rapidly expanding natural resources exploitation, a lack of experience in the general man-
agement of resources is obvious. e problem of serious environmental pollution occurs due to the increase of mining
activities. is is especially true in mining areas located near fast-growing urban areas. In particular, after the end of the
exploitation and mine closure, there is a need to improve and recover the environmental conditions in order to protect
untapped mineral reserves and to keep the exploitation site in a sustainable status. is includes questions of environmental
safety and soil recovery within the affected areas. is article deals with 2 types of land improvement and restoration in Luong
Son district: (1) designing a method for land improvement by afforestation and (2) designing a method for land improvement
by planting fruit trees and short-term crops.
1.Introduction
Luong Son is a district to the east gateway of Hoa Binh
province, being the focal point for economic and cultural-
social exchange between the Northwest Mountains and Red
River Delta region (including Hanoi capital). Natural re-
sources and labor force are abundantly available. e total
natural area of the district is 36,488.85 hectares, divided
into 20 administrative units with 3 ethnic groups, mainly
Muong. Although natural resources exploitation is rapidly
expanding with various types of mining and processing
activities, there is a lack of experience in general man-
agement [1, 2]. e problem of serious environmental
pollution occurs due to the increase of mining activities.
Mining processes cause negative impacts on the environ-
ment both during operations and after mine closure.
Typical negative effects are landscape change, soil degra-
dation, and loss of biodiversity, as well the pollution of air
and water. Conflicts of land use usually occur as a result of
soil degradation.
is is especially true in mining areas located near fast-
growing urban areas. In such areas, the construction in-
dustry has an increasing demand for construction materials
such as stone, gravel, and sand. Hoa Binh is a neighboring
upland area of Hanoi with various types of minerals ex-
traction, having many problems in the management of
environmental protection and sustainable development.
is article analyzes the status of soil quality at mining
areas in Luong Son district, Hoa Binh. Moreover, it pro-
vides recommendations for the environmental improve-
ment and recovery after mine closure according to
environmental protection and sustainable development
directions. Finally, proposals are offered for the design of
environmental improvement and recovery measures for
specific types of mines, using the above-mentioned
recommendations.
Hindawi
Applied and Environmental Soil Science
Volume 2020, Article ID 5189497, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5189497