Received: 1 November 2016 Revised: 22 April 2017 Accepted: 24 April 2017 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26644 Pediatric Blood & Cancer The American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology RESEARCH ARTICLE Factors possibly affecting prognosis in children with Wilms’ tumor diagnosed before 24 months of age: A report from the Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP) Wilms Tumor Working Group Paolo D’Angelo 1 Andrea Di Cataldo 2 Monica Terenziani 3 Gianni Bisogno 4 Paola Collini 5 Martina Di Martino 6 Fraia Melchionda 7 Clara Mosa 1 Marilina Nantron 8 Daniela Perotti 9 Giuseppe Puccio 10 Annalisa Serra 11 Serena Catania 3 Filippo Spreafico 3 for the AIEOP Wilms Tumor Working Group 1 Pediatric Oncology Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy 2 Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Catania University, Catania, Italy 3 Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy 4 Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy 5 Soft Tissue and Bone Pathology, Histopathology, and Pediatric Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy 6 Pediatric Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, II University, Naples, Italy 7 Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy 8 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy 9 Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy 10 Unit of Neonatology, AOUP “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy 11 Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy Correspondence Paolo D’Angelo, Unità Operativa di Oncoema- tologia Pediatrica, A.R.N.A.S. Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, Piazza Nicola Leotta, 4, 90127 Palermo, Italy. Email: oncoematoped@arnascivico.it Grant sponsor: Parents’ Associations “A.S.L.T.I.- Liberi di crescere” Onlus and Associazione Bianca Garavaglia Onlus. Abstract Background: Children with Wilms’ tumor (WT) aged under 24 months (infants) have a better prog- nosis than older patients. Our aim was to study the epidemiology of this age group, with focus on the modality of diagnosis, tumor size, and association with malformations/syndromes, seeking to understand if any of these factors might be related to prognosis. Patients and methods: Infants diagnosed with WT between 2003 and February 2010 were eval- uated. A query form was used to collect data on the modality of WT diagnosis (symptomatic or incidental), tumor volume, maximum diameter, site, and stage. Results: Data were collected for 117 of 124 WT infants registered. Twenty-four cases had an incidental diagnosis (ID) of renal mass, usually arising from an abdominal ultrasound performed for other reasons, and 93 had been diagnosed based on clinical signs/symptoms. The incidental cohort displayed unifocal disease, mean tumor diameter 5.52 cm, mean tumor volume 84.30 ml, and 14 patients showed associated malformations. Symptomatic patients had mean maximum Abbreviations: ACT-D, actinomycin-D; ADR, Adriamycin; AIEOP, Associazione Italiana di Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica; CB, carboplatinum; CT, chemotherapy; EFS, event-free survival; ID, incidental diagnosis; LOH, loss of heterozygosity; RT, radiotherapy; SD, symptomatic diagnosis; VCR, vincristine; WT, Wilms tumor Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017;e26644. c  2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 1 of 5 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pbc https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.26644