Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(9):66-73 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy 66 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol 11, Issue 9, Sept-Oct 2020 DISPARITIES OF THE USE OF HORMONAL AND NON- HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE DRUGS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN INDONESIA AND THE WORLD Agustina Abuk Seran 1* , Myrtati Dyah Antaria 2 , Setya Haksama 3 , Ema Setijaningrum 4 , Agung Dwi Laksono 5 , Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso 6 1* Doctoral Program of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Indonesia, Kupang Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Jl. Piet A. Tallo, Kupang, Indonesia. 2 Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, University of Airlangga, Indonesia. 3 Faculty of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Indonesia. 4 Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, University of Airlangga, Indonesia. 5 National Institute of Health Research and Development, the Ministry of Health, the Republic of Indonesia. Jl. Percetakan Negara 29, Indonesia. 6 Faculty of Public Health University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia. ABSTRACT Hacyl Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017 showed that 40% of married women (15-49) using a tool or means of family planning (KB). The use of contraceptive has also increased from 62% (2012 IDHS) to 64% (2017 IDHS). This study aimed to examine the use of contraceptive in urban and rural areas in Indonesia. Methods: The secondary data analysis in this study sourced from secondary data of IDHS in 2017 with a cross-sectional approach. The research instrument was structured questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used Binner SPSS 22 Logistic Regression for windows. The results of this study indicated that women of childbearing age in urban areas (OR 0.988; 95% CI: 0.955-1.023), women of childbearing age 20-24 years (OR 0.741; 95% CI: 0.591-0.929), working women (OR 1.195 95% CI: 1.158-1.233), secondary educational level (OR 2.172 95% CI: 1.992-2,369), married/living with partner (OR 32,995; 95% CI: 29,247-37,223), richest (OR 1,487; 95% CI: 1,405-1,574), health insurance (OR 1,049; 95% CI: 1,016-1,083), and multiparous (OR 3.5117; 95% CI: 2,946-3,297) were variables that influenced women of childbearing age in using contraceptives at home in Indonesia. There was no difference between urban and rural areas in the use of hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive drugs in Indonesia by women of childbearing age (15-49 years). Recommendations are addressed to policymakers in Indonesia to improve family planning services both in rural areas, in densely populated and slum areas. Keywords: Women of childbearing age, contraceptive use, Urban-Rural, Indonesia, Demographic Health Survey Correspondance: Agustina Abuk Seran Doctoral Program of Public Health, University of Airlangga, Indonesia, Kupang Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Jl. Piet A. Tallo, Kupang, Indonesia. Email id : agustinaseran07@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Contraception is defined as the deliberate prevention of conception during sexual activity, through man-made means such as the use of various tools, agents, drugs, sexual practices, or procedures surgery 1 . High contraceptive prevalence rates are always expected to control births for countries experiencing high population growth rates. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is an important and strategic indicator to determine the success of a country or an entire country in controlling its population through the family planning (KB) program 2 . The large population in Indonesia is indicated by the stagnant TFR based on 2002-2003, 2007, and 2012 IDHS results, namely 2.6 children per woman of childbearing age 15-49 years 2.3 . Furthermore, the results of the 2017 IDHS showed that the use of contraceptive has increased from 62% (2012 IDHS) to 64% in the IDHS (2017) and 57% use modern contraception and 6% use traditional contraception. Besides the TFR decreased from 2.6 in 2012 to 2.4 in 2017, but there is a striking difference, where the TFR for urban areas is 2.3 while the TFR for rural areas is still 2.6, per woman of childbearing age in Indonesia 2 (BKKBN, Badan Statistics Center, Ministry of Health RI & USAID, 2018). Indonesia has made great progress in controlling the population through the family planning program, namely a decline in the population growth rate from 1.49 in 2010 to 1.39 in 2015. However, Indonesia's population has recorded an increase from 237.6 million in 2010 to 255 million in 2015 If you look at the distribution, the proportion of the population in urban areas was slightly larger, namely 135 million compared to rural areas, which was 119 million people. 2.3 The use of contraceptive tools or drugs are important components affecting fertility in Indonesia. The use of contraception can reduce birth rates (Ananta, Lim, Molyneaux & Kantner, 1992). Previous research has shown that the residence area has a significant effect on desire to use contraception 5 . The opportunity to use contraceptives for women living in urban areas is higher than in rural areas because in urban areas is easier to access information and family planning services. In urban areas are easier to find private health clinics, government hospitals, pharmacies, and drug stores, thus providing convenience in family planning services and increasing the use of contraception for women or couples of childbearing age. On the other hand, in rural areas, government hospitals and other health facilities are rarely available and it makes women with low economic status can’t easily reach health facilities, thus affecting the continuity of contraceptive used. Furthermore, limited access to get transportation means that women with low economic