Psychology, 2022, 13, 264-272 https://www.scirp.org/journal/psych ISSN Online: 2152-7199 ISSN Print: 2152-7180 DOI: 10.4236/psych.2022.132015 Feb. 25, 2022 264 Psychology An Empirical Examination of Herzberg’s Theory in the 21 st Century Workplace. Organizational Psychology Re-Examined Michael Mitsakis, Michael Galanakis The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece Abstract This present study empirically investigated the applicability of Herzberg’s the- ory in the various workplaces of the 21 st century, including correctional offic- ers, employees in the retail sector and front-line employees of telecommunica- tion industries. In fact, through Systematic Review, it was examined whether Herzberg’s motivational and hygiene factors, such as working conditions, re- lationship with peers, supervisor feedback, etc., play a major role in boosting the satisfaction and motivation of the employees, and whether the lack of such factors leads to increased turnover. It was found out that the strongest pre- dictors for employees’ perceived job satisfaction included the nature of the work along with recognition and achievement. Finally, certain limitations and sug- gestions for future research were provided. Keywords Herzberg, Job Satisfaction, Hygiene Factors, Motivation, Turnover 1. Introduction As the psychological factors pertaining to employee well-being in the workforce continued to hamper many organizations worldwide during the 20 th century, lead- ing to employee turnover and burnout, many theorists pondered for many years what were the underlying factors of this decrease in motivation, productivity and engagement that many employees exhibited (Stello, 2011). Employee turnover is considered to be quite detrimental to the competitiveness and profitability of organizations (Holston-Okae & Mushi, 2018). In addition, it can also jeopardize organizational performance and lead to inadequate employee rewarding, toxic work environments, and it cripples the assets of the company (Holston-Okae & How to cite this paper: Mitsakis, M., & Galanakis, M. (2022). An Empirical Exam- ination of Herzberg’s Theory in the 21 st Cen- tury Workplace. Organizational Psychology Re-Examined. Psychology, 13, 264-272. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2022.132015 Received: January 15, 2022 Accepted: February 22, 2022 Published: February 25, 2022 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access