Citation: Badulescu, O.V.; Sirbu, P.D.; Filip, N.; Bordeianu, G.; Cojocaru, E.; Budacu, C.C.; Badescu, M.C.; Bararu-Bojan, I.; Veliceasa, B.; Ciocoiu, M. Hereditary Thrombophilia in the Era of COVID-19. Healthcare 2022, 10, 993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ healthcare10060993 Academic Editors: Pierpaolo Di Micco and Anna Annunziata Received: 21 April 2022 Accepted: 26 May 2022 Published: 27 May 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). healthcare Review Hereditary Thrombophilia in the Era of COVID-19 Oana Viola Badulescu 1,† , Paul Dan Sirbu 2 , Nina Filip 3, * , Gabriela Bordeianu 3 , Elena Cojocaru 4,† , Cristian Constantin Budacu 5,† , Minerva Codruta Badescu 6, * , Iris Bararu-Bojan 1 , Bogdan Veliceasa 2 and Manuela Ciocoiu 1 1 Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; violabadulescu@yahoo.com (O.V.B.); iris_bararu@yahoo.com (I.B.-B.); mciocoiu2003@yahoo.com (M.C.) 2 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Surgical Science (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; pdsirbu@yahoo.com (P.D.S.); velbogdan@yahoo.com (B.V.) 3 Department of Biochemistry, Morpho-Functional Sciences (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; gabrielabordeianu@yahoo.co.uk 4 Department Morpho-Functional Sciences (I), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; ellacojocaru@yahoo.com 5 Department of Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; cristibudacu@yahoo.com 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania * Correspondence: zamosteanu_nina@yahoo.com (N.F.); minerva.badescu@umfiasi.ro (M.C.B.) † The authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Thrombophilia, also called hypercoagulability or prothrombotic condition, usually reflects a certain imbalance that occurs either in the coagulation cascade or in the anticoagulation/fibrinolytic system. A similar imbalance may be induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thrombotic complications are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. In this context, activation of coagulation and thrombocytopenia appeared as prognostic markers in COVID-19. Our work provides a structured and updated analysis of inherited throm- bophilia and its involvement in COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of diagnosing and initiating thromboprophylaxis. Since the state of hypercoagulation is directly correlated with COVID-19, we consider that studies on the genetic profiles of proteins involved in thrombophilia in patients who have had COVID-19 and thrombotic events are of great importance, both in treating and in preventing deaths due to COVID-19. Keywords: hereditary thrombophilia; coronavirus disease 2019; thrombosis; genetic profile 1. Introduction Thrombophilia is a coagulation abnormality that increases the risk of thrombosis (the formation of thrombi in the blood vessels); it is also called hypercoagulability or prothrom- botic condition. It usually reflects a certain imbalance occurring either in the coagulation cascade or in the anticoagulation/fibrinolytic system [1]. Severe acute respiratory syn- drome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among other viral infections, may induce a similar imbalance. Thrombophilia can be inherited or acquired. The former is due to deficiencies of natural anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C and protein S), increased homocysteine values, and changes in fibrinogen and coagulation factors. One important thing to note is that hereditary thrombophilia increases the risk of miscarriage. Acquired thrombophilia occurs as a result of secondary diseases, such as autoimmune disorders (antiphospholipid syndrome), trauma, or malignancy [1–4]. Healthcare 2022, 10, 993. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060993 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/healthcare