Journal of Moral Philosophy 6 (2009) 143–165
JOURNAL OF
MORAL
PHILOSOPHY
brill.nl/jmp
© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009 DOI 10.1163/174552409X402313
Moral Vegetarianism from a Very Broad Basis
David DeGrazia
Department of Philosophy, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
ddd@gwu.edu
Abstract
is paper defends a qualified version of moral vegetarianism. It defends a weak thesis and, more
tentatively, a strong thesis, both from a very broad basis that assumes neither that animals have
rights nor that they are entitled to equal consideration. e essay’s only assumption about moral
status, an assumption defended in the analysis of the wrongness of cruelty to animals, is that
sentient animals have at least some moral status. One need not be a strong champion of animal
protection, then, to embrace moral vegetarianism. One need only assume some reasonable view
of animals’ moral status.
Keywords
animals; factory farms; family farms; meat-eating; moral status; unnecessary harm; vege-
tarianism
When it comes to the consumption of meat and other animal products, there
is a remarkable disconnect between what people do and what makes moral
sense. is is true even of philosophers and ethicists, whose job description
includes critical thinking about moral issues. Most people, including most
philosophers and ethicists, are not vegetarians and apparently don’t feel obli-
gated to become vegetarians. Few who live in countries where factory farms
predominate try even to abstain from factory farm products—the case for
boycotting which is, as we will see, especially strong. Some, of course, have
argued against the meat-eating majority in favor of moral vegetarianism: the
view that we, at least those of us with access to adequate nonanimal food
sources, are morally required to be vegetarians (in some sense of this open-
textured term). But most supporting arguments depend on highly contestable
moral assumptions or theories such as utilitarianism or animal-rights theories.
1
1
I use the term ‘animal rights theories’ in the utility-trumping sense of ‘rights’ so that such
theories contrast with utilitarianism (as explained more fully in the text).