Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-019-00326-6 S.I. : CSI2017 A study on data aggregation techniques in wireless sensor network in static and dynamic scenarios Kaustuv Sarangi 1  · Indrajit Bhattacharya 2 Received: 19 June 2018 / Accepted: 17 January 2019 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Small-size sensor nodes are used as the basic component for collecting and sending the data or information in the ad hoc mode in wireless sensor network (WSN). This network is generally used to collect and process data from different regions where the movement of human is very rare. The sensor nodes are deployed in such a region for collecting data using ad hoc network where, at any time, the unusual situation may happen or there is no fixed network that can work positively and provide any transmission procedure. The location may be very remote or some disaster-prone area. In disaster-prone zone, after disaster, most often no fixed network remains alive. In that scenario, the ad hoc sensor network is one of the reliable sources for collecting and transmitting the data from that region. In this type of situation, sensor network can also be helpful for geo-informatic system. WSN can be used to handle the disaster management manually as well as through an automated system. The main problem for any activity using sensor node is that the nodes are very much battery hunger. An efficient power utilization is required for enhancing the network lifetime by reducing data traffic in the WSN. For this reason, some efficient intelligent software and hardware techniques are required to make the most efficient use of limited resources in terms of energy, computation and storage. One of the most suitable approaches is data aggregation protocol which can reduce the communication cost by extending the lifetime of sensor networks. The techniques can be implemented in different efficient manners, but all are not useful in same application scenarios. More specifically, data can be collected by dynamic approach using rendezvous point (RP), and for that purpose, intelligent neural network-based cluster formation techniques can be used and for fixing the targeted base station, the ant colony optimization algorithm can be used. In this work, we have made a comprehensive study of such energy efficient integrated sensor-based system in order to achieve energy efficiency and to prolong network lifetime. Keywords Data aggregation techniques · Rendezvous point (RP) · Cluster formation techniques · Neural network · Ant colony optimization (ACO) · Real-time data aggregation 1 Introduction The wireless sensor network is used to transmit required data, which may be in same or different types or formats whatever collected and gathered by the sensor node, and to broadcast the same in time interval. A fundamental challenge in the design of wireless sensor network (WSN) is to increase their life span. As the nodes are battery driven, the life span is limited [1–3] due to regular collecting and transmitting the raw as well as aggregated data frequently. By considering this important feature, various research works have been going on for increasing the life span of sensor network in different manners concentrating on trans- mission protocols as well as designing issues for different application-oriented scenarios. Useful data aggregation has emerged as a basic approach in WSN in order to reduce the basic number of transmitting sensor nodes and as a result the overall power consumption of the WSN. In the paper, we try to concentrate on optimal data aggregation techniques by studying, comparing and analyzing differ- ent intelligent approaches. The battery-driven scenarios of * Kaustuv Sarangi kaustuvsarangi@gmail.com Indrajit Bhattacharya indra51276@gmail.com 1 Department of Computer Science and Technology, Women’s Polytechnic Chandannagar, Hooghly, India 2 Department of Computer Application, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, India