73 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 H. Sarma et al. (eds.), Biobased Nanotechnology for Green Applications, Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61985-5_3 Chapter 3 Current Aspects of Nanotechnology: Applications in Agriculture M. Indira, S. Krupanidhi, T. C. Venkateswarulu, G. Pallavi, and K. Abraham Peele Contents 1 Introduction 74 2 Sources of Nanomaterials 74 2.1 Natural Nanomaterials 75 2.2 Incidental Nanomaterials 75 2.3 Engineered Nanomaterials 76 3 Different Forms of Nanomaterials Applied in Agriculture 76 3.1 Nanocarriers 76 3.2 Nanotubes 79 3.3 3.3 Nanosensors 80 3.4 Nanocapsules 83 3.5 Nanoclays 83 3.6 Nanocomposites 84 3.7 Nanofibers 84 4 Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture 85 4.1 Precision Agriculture 85 4.2 Smart Farming 86 4.3 Delivery of Chemicals, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fertilizers, and Plant Growth Regulators Using Nanotechnology 88 4.4 Crop Condition and Environmental Stress can be Monitored Using Field Sensing System 88 4.5 Detection of Plant Pathogens and Control Mechanisms 88 4.6 Environmental Stress Resistant and Disease Resistant Traits can be Improved by Nanotechnology 89 5 Future Prospects of Nanotechnology in Agriculture 89 6 Conclusions 89 References 90 M. Indira · S. Krupanidhi · T. C. Venkateswarulu · G. Pallavi · K. A. Peele (*) Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India