doi: 10.1111/joes.12159 ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER? BEHAVIOURAL AND INCENTIVE POLICIES FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT Ankin´ ee Kirakozian* Universit´ e Nice Sophia Antipolis and GREDEG/CNRS Abstract. This paper provides a review of economic studies that analyses the use of multiple policies to cope with waste management problems. We discuss the factors that influence selective sorting behaviour, and the most appropriate policies for their promotion. Based on the works analysed, our survey shows the original features of waste as an environmental problem requiring regulation. The traditional approach in which decisions respond to rational behaviour, particularly cost savings, has some limits. Although not all public policies seem justified, we argue that there might be a need for specific policies to promote recycling, preferably based on the provision of information to consumers or on behavioural instruments. Indeed, personal factors specific to each individual – such as emotions and the influence of social interaction – should be taken into account in the development of public policies. We review the literature related to different rationales and identify some avenues for future research. Keywords. Behavioural economics; Household recycling; Public policies; Waste 1. Introduction Many studies highlight the evolution of consumption patterns and the increasing power of an ecological conscience as likely to change consumers’ behaviours and choice criteria. A growing group of ‘pro- environmental’ consumers favour environmental and ethical criteria in their consumption choices. At the same time, consumers’ requirements have resulted in the creation of products and services that generate significant waste. The increase in their volume is such that waste management currently is a major issue for public authorities. The European Commission estimates that ‘Today in the EU, each person consumes 16 tons of materials annually, of which 6 tons are wasted, with half going to landfill’. 1 Generally, law offers a broad definition for the concept of waste, and policy objectives are ambitious. For example, European Directive 75/442/CEE defines waste as ‘any substance or object of which the holder disposes or has a duty to dispose of under the national provisions in force’, and reducing residual waste to zero by 2020 is a declared aim for the European Commission. This paper provides a review of the economic literature on household waste management and recycling, which considers unsorted waste (residual waste) as a source of negative externalities, and as wasted resources. This literature is important and diversified for several reasons. These reasons underline the original features of waste as an environmental problem requiring regulation. First, dealing with an externality requires acknowledgement of a responsible polluter. In the case of waste, there are two entities that can be considered as the polluters: the original producer of the waste, and ∗ Corresponding author contact email: ankinee.kirakozian@gmail.com; Tel.:+334 93 95 42 30. Journal of Economic Surveys (2016) Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 526–551 C  2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA.