Determination of some metal ions in various meat and baby food samples by atomic spectrometry Teslima Das ßbas ßı a ,S ßerife Saçmacı b,⇑ , Ahmet Ülgen b ,S ßenol Kartal b a Department of Food Technology, Gemerek Vocational School, Cumhuriyet University, 58840 Sivas, Turkey b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey article info Article history: Received 18 June 2015 Received in revised form 12 October 2015 Accepted 19 October 2015 Keywords: Solid phase extraction Heavy metal ion Chelating resin Atomic spectrometry Food samples abstract In this paper, we report a simple and rapid solid phase extraction system for the separation/preconcen- tration and determination of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). This method is based upon the retention of metal ions on a column packed with poly[N-(3-methyl-1H-indole-1-yl)]-2-methacrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-pro pane sulphonic acid-co divinylbenzene] (MMAD) resin as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent at pH 8. At the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (3s/b) between 0.12 and 1.6 lgL 1 , preconcentra- tion factor of 100, and the relative standard deviation of 61.8% were achieved (n = 10). The accuracy of the method was verified by analyzing certified reference materials (CRMs) and performing recovery experiments. The developed method was successfully applied to the various natural water, meat products and baby food samples. The recoveries of analyte ions were found in added real samples and CRMs from 95% to 102%. Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Some metals such as iron, zinc, copper, chromium, cobalt and manganese are essential for human metabolism. Some other met- als such as lead, cadmium, nickel and mercury are toxic at certain levels (Onianwa, Adetola, Iwegbue, Ojo, & Tella, 1999). The essen- tial metals play important roles in biological systems. For example iron is an integral fragment for many proteins and enzymes and is a crucial component of proteins involved in oxygen transport, reg- ulation of cell growth and differentiation iron insufficient in human lead to fatigue, decreased immunity and death (Lemos, Santos, David, Maciel, & de Almeida Bezerra, 2008; Saçmacı & Kartal, 2008; Shakerian, Dadfarnia, Shabani, & Rohani, 2008). Chro- mium is considered to be an essential trace element for the main- tenance of effective glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in mammals (Saçmacı & Kartal, 2008; Saçmacı, Kartal, Yılmaz, Saçmacı, & Soykan, 2012). Some of various clinical disorders such as anemia, depression of growth, impaired reproductive perfor- mance, heart failure and gastrointestinal disturbances have been associated with a dietary insufficient of copper (Gjerde, Wiederin, Smith, & Mattson, 1993; Kolachi et al., 2011; Kudrin, 2000; Onianwa, Adeyemo, Idowu, & Ogabiela, 2001). Zinc is an essential part of more than 200 enzymes involved in digestion, metabolism, and reproduction and wound healing. Zinc deficiency also leads to cognitive defects and impairs the immune system (Saçmacı, Kartal, & Saçmacı, 2012a; Saçmacı, Kartal, & Saçmacı, 2012b). Cobalt pre- sent in vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) because it has been used in the treatment of anemia (http://www.patient.co.uk/pdf/4372.pdf). Toxic elements may be very detrimental even at low concentra- tions when ingested over a long time (Coco, Monotti, Cozzi, & Adami, 2006). Human exposure to such elements can cause adverse health effects indicating toxic property leading to neuro- logical defects, renal degradation, bone lesions and hypertension in humans even in trace levels, lead and cadmium have no known physiological functions (Viñas, Pardo-Martinez, & Hernández-Cór doba, 2000; Zhang, Wang, Cheng, Xia, & Liang, 2011). The main sources of these elements in environment are natural or present as a result of industrial processes such as anthropogenic origin, mining, agricultural facilities, industrialization and traffic. Atmosphere, surface and ground waters, soil, foods and plants are affected by the trace elements owing to these facilities. As a conclusion, the determination of metals in the environment and food is important due to their positive and negative effects (Afzali, Mostafavi, Taher, & Moradian, 2007; Behbahani, Bagheri, Amini, et al., 2013; Behbahani, Bagheri, Taghizadeh, et al., 2013; Behbahani, Salarian, Amini, et al., 2013; Behbahani, Bide, et al., 2014; Behbahani, Salarian, et al., 2014; Lemos et al., 2006; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.093 0308-8146/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: sacmaci@erciyes.edu.tr (S ß. Saçmacı). Food Chemistry 197 (2016) 107–113 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem