Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol. (2017) 18:9 DOI 10.1007/s11864-017-0453-5 Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers (AB Benson, Section Editor) BRAF-Mutated Colorectal Cancer: What Is the Optimal Strategy for Treatment? Romain Cohen, MD 1 Pascale Cervera, MD, PhD 2 Magali Svrcek, MD, PhD 2 Anna Pellat, MD 1 Chantal Dreyer, MD 1 Aimery de Gramont, MD 3,4 Thierry Andre´, MD 1,4,* Address 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France 2 Department of Pathology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Hospitalier Franco-Britannique, 4 rue Kléber, 92300, Levallois-Perret, France *,4 GERCOR, Oncology Multidisciplinary Group, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75011, Paris, France Email: thierry.andre@aphp.fr * Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017 This article is part of the Topical Collection on Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers Keywords BRAFV600E I Colorectal cancer I Microsatellite instability I Checkpoint inhibitor I Vemurafenib I Dabrafenib Opinion statement The BRAF activating mutation, harbored by approximately 10% of colorectal cancers (CRC), confers dramatic prognosis to advanced diseases. In early-stage setting, the identification of the BRAF mutation does not impact the therapeutic decision. Yet, the BRAF mutation could be considered as a stratification factor in adjuvant trials, because of its prognostic impact after relapse. Moreover, both BRAF mutation and mismatch repair (MMR) statuses should be determined in all CRC to help identify sporadic tumors versus Lynch syndrome- related tumors. Indeed, in patients with MMR-deficient (dMMR) tumors and MLH1 loss of expression, the BRAFV600E mutation indicates a sporadic origin. In advanced BRAF- mutated CRC, the standard of care remains fluoropyrimidine-based cytotoxic regimen in combination with bevacizumab. Although a recent meta-analysis showed that there was insufficient data to justify the exclusion of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies,