IOP Publishing Internet of Things in Biomedical Sciences Challenges and applications Varun Bajaj and Irshad Ahmad Ansari Chapter 2 IoT architectures for biomedical devices Abu Jaffor Morshedul Abedin, Adiba Tabassum Chowdhury, Ifti Akib Abir, Mehedi Hasan Raju and Mosabber Uddin Ahmed Significant technological advancements have been made in academia, industry, and healthcare facilities over the last decade. The healthcare sector is still struggling to deliver high-quality treatments though globalization continues. Complex analysis and diagnosis remain a major challenge for researchers who can assist physicians and humankind. The Internet of Things (IoT) has been incorporated into biomedical devices to make the healthcare system more dynamic, robust, trustworthy, and patient-centered. IoT allows healthcare practitioners to aid patients by utilizing smart biomedical devices and cutting-edge software thus improving treatment facilities and making the system more dynamic. In the IoT, artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) are utilized to make crucial judgments on the basis of the information gathered, analyzed, and managed in real time and transmitted using cloud technologies in the IoT. This chapter presents an overview of the state-of-the- art of IoT, architectures in healthcare, and their applications in biomedical devices. Moreover, IoT architectures and frameworks in this sector, as well as a few specific areas of use for the IoT technology are mentioned. Finally, the chapter is concluded by pointing out the challenges that have been experienced, potential solutions, and aspects that will help to improve patient care in the future. 2.1 Introduction The Internet of Things has lately created a new global viewpoint on data analysis in order to create a powerful geographical distribution by combining a range of real and digital ‘stuff’ with the developing extendable detectors. IoT was first proposed to merge well-known items and associated technological representations in an internet framework using transmitter-identifying innovation approaches. To encompass all types of ‘things,’ the term, IoT eventually entered use in a variety of detectors, incorporating processors, navigation programs, and smartphones [1]. A variety of exploratory problems, ranging between foundation architecture and information doi:10.1088/978-0-7503-5311-3ch2 2-1 ª IOP Publishing Ltd 2023