IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 22, Issue 4 Ser.2 (April. 2023), PP 57-62 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-2204025762 www.iosrjournal.org 57 | Page Bacteriological Profile of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital Dr Akshay Karyakarte 1 , Dr Jyoti Iravane 2 , Dr Anil Gaikwad 3 1 (Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India) 2 (Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India) 3 (Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India) Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial Resistance and Hospital Acquired Infections are the modern hazards in the field of medicine. The most common of these infections is Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), which amounts to almost 35%. CAUTI causes significant distress to patients, including risk of mortality, and increases healthcare costs. Bacteria causing CAUTIs show a high degree of antimicrobial resistance. Healthcare professionals must acquire knowledge of current local trend of causative organisms, and their resistance pattern, in any healthcare facility. Material and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included urine samples from patients having an indwelling urinary catheter, and fever for more than two days. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done by conventional bacteriological techniques. Impact of empirical antibiotic therapy on development of CAUTI was assessed through detailed history. Results: 692 samples were included of which 249 produced bacterial isolates, with 216 of them being Gram- negative organisms. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis; p<0.05 was considered significant. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test results showed resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Cephalosporins ranging from 78-93% (p<0.05). Conclusions: Irrespective of the causative organism, the treatment of established CAUTI is a challenging task, as the organisms are highly resistant to most classes of antibiotics. Prevention strategies are more effective in case of CAUTI as compared to treatment options. Key Words: Hospital Acquired Infections; Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections; Antimicrobial Resistance; Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 26-03-2023 Date of Acceptance: 08-04-2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction As the world enters the era of modern medicine, it has to contend with modern hazards like Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI). AMR is responsible for approximately 23,000 deaths annually in the United States of America, and around 25,000 deaths across Europe 1,2 . However, the global scenario of AMR is not quantifiable, as many regions of the world simple lack the necessary epidemiological data 3 . HAI, on the other hand, have four major categories – Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection (CRBSI), Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), and Surgical Site Infection (SSI) 4 . CAUTI, which amounts to almost 35% of them, is the most common HAI 5 . It is well documented, that CAUTI causes significant physical distress, prolonged duration of hospitalization, increased costs, and increased risk of mortality. Furthermore, the plethora of complications caused due to CAUTI are not only common but are also considerably debilitating to the patient. Additionally, it has been proven that bacteria causing CAUTI have become increasingly resistant to urine-specific, and even broad-spectrum antibiotics 6 . Therefore, CAUTI poses a two-fold threat – the extensive occurrence and the ensuing debility to the patients, and the rapid rise in AMR. This necessitates healthcare professionals to acquire knowledge of current local trend of causative organisms, and their resistance pattern in any healthcare facility. To that effect, we aimed to analyze the bacteriological profile of CAUTI in our tertiary care hospital, in Western India. We believe this study would aid in updating guidelines for appropriate treatment, and consequently help reduce the development of multi-drug resistance among organisms.