 Corresponding author: Etou Ossibi AW Laboratory of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, Congo. Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0. Evaluation of the acute and subacute toxicities and of the anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract of the fruits of Grewia coriacea Mast. (Malvaceae) in laboratory rodents Arnaud Wilfrid Etou Ossibi 1, 2, * , Claude Ada Cenarlline Loubanou 1, 2 , Romaric De Garde Elion Itou 1, 2 , Veinarde Migreche Mouanda Ngouadi 1, 2 , Aimé Bertrand Madiele Mabika 3 and Ange Antoine Abena 1 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo. 2 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo. 3 Chemistry Unit of the Plant and Life, Faculty of the Sciences and Techniques, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022, 16(02), 022–031 Publication history: Received on 14 August 2022; revised on 25 October 2022; accepted on 28 October 2022 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.0847 Abstract The fruits of Grewia coriacea Mast are among the most traded picking fruits and consumed in the Republic of Congo. The objective of this present work was to estimate the toxicity and to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of the aqueous extract of the fruits of Grewia coriacea Mast. in rats. Thus, the estimation of acute toxicity was carried out in mice in accordance with OECD guideline No. 423 and revealed that the extract is not very toxic with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/Kg by oral administration. The results obtained from the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity show that the aqueous extract of the fruits of Grewia coricea Mast. reduces edema induced by carrageenan 1 % and formaldehyde 2.5 % respectively by 52.17 % and 73.33 % at a dose of 500 mg/Kg. Other wise, the evaluation of chronic inflammation (formaldehyde 2.5 %) revealed that the extract inhibits the development of edema in rats at a dose of 500mg/Kg with a maximum percentage of 36.13 %. In conclusion, these results justify the consumption of these fruits by the population on the one hand and encourage its use in traditional medicine as a food supplement on the other hand. Keywords: Grewia coriacea Mast; Acute toxicity; Subacute toxicity; Inflammation; Medicinal plant 1. Introduction Grewia coriacea Mast is a species of tree with red fruits, native to tropical Africa. These picking fruits are the most marketed in the Republic of Congo. They are widely consumed for their juice, which is used in the manufacture of various drinks (Madiélé, 2015). Used in the traditional pharmacopoeia in the treatment of various pathologies, these fruits are rich in antioxidants which give it, among other things, anti-anemic and anti-inflammatory properties (Mbama, 2018; Muganza Musuyu, 2014). According to an ethnobotanical study carried out with traditional health therapists, herbalists and others, several plants are used in herbal medicine by the Congolese population against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including food plants. Among the vegetable resources that the Congolese forests have, there are especially fruit trees which occupy a rather important place in the human diet. And for several decades now, a real awareness of the importance of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has emerged, particularly in the context of the prevention of metabolic diseases (Mbama, 2018).